Transmission mode
Mr. Rajendra Kumar Mahanta
Lecturer, Dept. of CSE, GIET University
Data transmission refers to the process of transferring data between
two or moredigital devices. Data is transmitted from one device to
another in analog or digital format. Basically, data transmission enables
devices or components within devicesto speak to each other.
How does data transmission work between digital devices?
Data is transferred in the form of bits between two or more digital
devices. Thereare two methods used to transmit data between digital
devices: serial transmissionand parallel transmission. Serial data
transmission sends data bits one afteranother over a single channel.
Parallel data transmission sends multiple data bitsat the same time
over multiple channels.
• Digital data transmission can occur in two basic modes: serial or
parallel.
• Data within a computer system is transmitted via parallel mode on
buses with the width of the parallel bus matched to the word size of
the computer system. Data between computer systems is usually
transmitted in bit serial mode .
• Consequently, it is necessary to make a parallel-to-serial conversion at
a computer interface when sending data from a computer system into
a network and a serialto-parallel conversion at a computer interface
when receiving information from a network.
What is serial transmission?
• When data is sent or received using serial data transmission, the data
bits are organizedin a specific order, since they can only be sent one
after another.
• The order of the data bits is important as it dictates how the
transmission is organizedwhen it is received.
• It is viewed as a reliable data transmission method because a data bit
is only sent if theprevious data bit has already been received.
• Serial transmission has two classifications: asynchronous and synchronous.
•Asynchronous Serial Transmission
• Data bits can be sent at any point in time.
• Stop bits and start bits are used between data bytes to synchronize the transmitter and receiver and to ensure
that the data is transmitted correctly.
• The time between sending and receiving data bits is not constant, so gaps are used to provide time between
transmissions.
• The advantage of using the asynchronous method is that no synchronization is required between the
transmitter and receiver devices.
• It is also a more cost effective method.
• A disadvantage is that data transmission can be slower, but this is not always the case.
•Synchronous Serial Transmission
• Data bits are transmitted as a continuous stream in time with a master clock.
• The data transmitter and receiver both operate using a synchronized clock frequency; therefore, start bits,
stop bits, and gaps are not used.
• This means that data moves faster and timing errors are less frequent because the transmitter and receiver
time is synced.
• However, data accuracy is highly dependent on timing being synced correctly between devices.
•Serial transmission is normally used for long-distance data transfer. It • In comparison with asynchronous
serial transmission, this method is usually more
•is also used in cases where the amount of data being sent is expensive.
• relatively small. It ensures that data integrity is maintained as it transmits the data bits in a specific order, one
after another. In this way, data bits are received in-sync with one another.
What is parallel transmission?
When data is sent using parallel data transmission, multiple data bits are
transmitted over multiple channels at the same time. This means that data can be
sent much faster than using serial transmission methods.
Given that multiple bits are sent over multiple channels at the same time, the order
in which a bit string is received can depend on various conditions, such as proximity
to the data source, user location, and bandwidth availability. Two examples of
parallel interfaces can be seen below. In the first parallel interface, the data is sent
and received in the correct order. In the second parallel interface, the data is sent
in the correct order, but some bits were received faster than others.
