D I S AS T E R

MANAG E M E N T
DISASTER

Top 10 Deadliest Disasters in the Philippines

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlwnlObogBc
DISASTER
Is a situation resulting from an environmental phenomenon or
armed conflict that produced stress, personal injury, physical
damage, and economic disruption of great magnitude.
Is a serious problem occurring over a short or long
period of time that causes widespread human, material,
economic or environmental loss which exceeds the ability of the
affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Disaster Management is important with man-made and natural
disaster.
Natural Disaster are inevitable; however with modern technology,
we could prepare and minimize the damage.
Human man-made disaster can be preventive.
United Nations Disasters Relief Office (UNDRO)
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Five reasons for disasters
Rapid population growth;
Concentration of populations in high-risk areas, like floodplains,
landslide-prone slopes, and seismic zones;
Capital development – destruction of marshes by real estate
developers;
Man-made destruction, for example deforestation, that lessens
ecosystem resilience to disaster; and
Growing poverty, which means more lives in increasingly
substandard housing (i.e. Not typhoon-resistant)
NATURAL DISASTER
Earthquakes / tsunamis
Landslides
Typhoons
Floods
Drought
Volcanic eruptions
HUMAN MAN-MADE
DISASTER
Air and water pollution
Industrial accidents
Fire
Civil disturbances
War
Poverty
Bomb threats
Accidents, like transport, nuclear, or biological
CATEGORY OF SEVERITY

• Accident (individual)
• Emergency (limited)
• Disaster (widespread)
• Catastrophe (collapse)
KEY CONCEPTS THAT CAN BE
HELPFUL
Risk – probability that a disaster will occur
Hazard – specific nature of a threat
Vulnerability – protect oneself, or recover rapidly from a potential
damaging event
Prevention – to avert a potential hazard
Preparedness – to ensure effective disaster response
Mitigation – to reduce the harmful effect of a disaster
Response – action taken aftermath
SITUATIONS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Factors that make disaster happens & cause severe damages to lives
and properties.
Poverty and marginalization
Malnutrition, poor health, inadequate basic services, &
unemployment, low wages
Resource depletion
Forest denudation, soil erosion, genetic erosion, marine
pollution, agrochemicals, & air & water pollutions
SITUATIONS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Due to these factors, it can lead to:
Human-made disaster
Flood , civil war
Natural Forces
Typhoons, drought, torrential rains with flooding, earthquakes
(ring of fire), volcanic terrain (23 active volcanoes)
FOUR PILLARS OF EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
ASSESSMENT/REPORTING ON
PREPAREDNESS
 Knowledge of pre-disaster situations
 Capability to assess; medical / nutritional, agricultural,
infrastructure situation, structural ability and relief operation.
 Established lines of communication
 Established data collection points
 Established format of reporting
 Established confirmation / verification procedures
 Established authority for releasing reports
RELIEF OPERATIONS (PREPAREDNESS /
ORGANIZATION)
Disaster times are emergency situations, the key players are;
Cool and unbiased assessment: analysis of report
Swift and decisive action: knowledge of resources, procedures,
coordination
Balanced response
Leadership
Discipline for operation reliability
Resources management
Rehabilitation already envisaged / planned
Planning already accomplished
RELIEF OPERATIONS (PREPAREDNESS /
ORGANIZATION)
Food relief
General food distribution
Mass feeding
Supplementary feeding
Intensive or therapeutic feeding
Food for work
REHABILITATION / CONSTRUCTION AND
EMERGENCY PREPARATIONS
Communities need to tap all resources, government and
nongovernment, in a concerted effort to provide emergency
assistance to calamity victims and to restore essential public
activities and services
Plans should include rehabilitation
With or without disasters, communities need plans and activities
for long-term, balanced and sustained economic, political, and
sociocultural growth.
DISASTER PREVENTION AND
MITIGATION
Activities that may minimize the impact of disaster are:
Identification of areas most prone to typhoons and some
other calamities;
Display and teaching of structural improvements;
Preparation of educational materials;
Community systems; and
Media liaison
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

 Principles
The risk must be known
Vulnerability must be known
Mitigation measures must be in place
Preparedness system must be in readiness
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
 Effective warning message
Clear simple language
Consistent content
Convincing
Community-specific
Information on technical consequences
Repetitiveness
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

Land-use planning (risk zoning)

Surveys the area
Rational plans for urban centers, industrial sites
Identification of areas for reforestation
Building codes regulating
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

Public awareness
Mitigation awareness
Preparedness awareness
Emergency response awareness
COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER
MANAGEMENT (CBDM)

Principles in the Philippines

Whether a disaster is major or minor, of national or local
proportion, it is the people at the community or village level who
suffer most its adverse effects. They use coping and survival
strategies to face and respond to the situation long before outside
help from NGO’s or the government arrives. They are interested to
protect themselves from the damage and harm through
community based disaster preparedness and mitigation.
COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER
MANAGEMENT (CBDM)

Principles in the Philippines

 Proactive – hands on
Comprehensive
Multi-sectoral and multi-disciplinary
Empowering
Developmental
R.A. 10121 Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management act of 2010

This act shall be known as the “Philippine Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management act of 2010”
An act strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management System, providing for the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Framework and institutionalizing the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan,
appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes.
R.A. 10121 Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management act of 2010

 Uphold people’s constitutional rights to life and property by

addressing the root causes of vulnerabilities to disasters;
Adhere to and adopt the universal norms, principles and
standards of humanitarian assistance and the global effort on risk
reduction as concrete expression of the country’s commitment to
overcome human sufferings due to recurring disasters;
R.A. 10121 Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management act of 2010

 Uphold people’s constitutional rights to life and property by

addressing the root causes of vulnerabilities to disasters;
Adhere to and adopt the universal norms, principles and
standards of humanitarian assistance and the global effort on risk
reduction as concrete expression of the country’s commitment to
overcome human sufferings due to recurring disasters;
R.A. 10121 Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management act of 2010

 Develop, promote, and implement a comprehensive NDRRM plan

that aims to strengthen the capacity of the national government
and local government units;
Adopt and implement a coherent, comprehensive, integrated,
efficient and responsive disaster risk reduction program
incorporated in the development plan
R.A. 10121 Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management act of 2010
 Mainstream disaster risk reduction and climate change in development
processes such as policy formulation, socioeconomic development planning,
budgeting, and governance; particularly in the areas of environment,
agriculture, water, energy, health, education, poverty reduction, land-use and
urban planning, and public infrastructure and housing, among others;
Institutionalize the policies, structures, coordination mechanisms and
programs with continuing budget appropriation on disaster risk reduction from
national down to local levels towards building a disaster-resilient nation and
communities;
R.A. 10121 Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management act of 2010
Mainstream disaster risk reduction into the peace process and conflict
resolution approaches in order to minimize loss of lives and damage to
property, and ensure that communities in conflict zones can
immediately go back to their normal lives during the periods on
intermittent conflicts;
Ensure that disaster risk reduction and climate change measures are
gender responsive, sensitive to indigenous knowledge systems, and
respectful of human rights;
R.A. 10121 Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management act of 2010

Recognize the local risk patterns across the country and strengthen
the capacity of LGUs for disaster risk reduction and management
through decentralized powers, responsibilities, and resources at the
regional and local levels;
Recognize and strengthen the capacities of LGUs and communities in
mitigating and preparing for, responding to, and recovering from the
impact of disasters;
R.A. 10121 Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management act of 2010

Engage the participation of Civil Society Organizations (CSOS), the

private sector and volunteers in the government’s disaster risk
reduction programs towards complementation of resources and
effective delivery of services to the citizenry;
Develop and strengthen the capacities of vulnerable and
marginalized groups to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover
from the effects of disasters;
R.A. 10121 Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management act of 2010

Enhance and implement a program where humanitarian aid workers,

communities health professionals, government aid agencies, donors,
and the media are educated and trained on how they can actively
support breastfeeding before and during a disaster and/or an
emergency; and
R.A. 10121 Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management act of 2010

Provide maximum care, assistance and services to individuals and

families affected by disaster, implement emergency rehabilitation
projects to lessen the impact of disaster, and facilitate resumption of
normal social and economic activities.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Adaptation – adjustment in natural or human systems in response to
actual or expected climate stimuli or their effects, which moderates
harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.

Climate change – can be identified by changes in the mean and/or

variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period
typically decades or longer whether due to natural or as a result of
human activity.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Contingency planning – a management process that analyzes
specific potential events or emerging situations that might threaten
society or the environment and establishes arrangements in advance
to enable timely, effective and appropriate responses to such events
and situations.

Disaster – a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or

society involving widespread human, material, economic or
environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the
affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Disaster prevention – outright avoidance of adverse impacts of
hazards and related disasters.

Disaster response – the provision of emergency services and public

assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives,
reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic
subsistence needs of the people affected.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Disaster risk – the potential disaster losses in lives, health status,
livelihood, assets and services, which could occur to a particular
community or a society over some specified future time period.

Disaster risk reduction – the concept and practice of reducing

disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the
causal factors of disasters, lessened vulnerability of people and
property, wise management of land and the environment, and
improved preparedness for adverse events.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management – the systematic
process of using administrative directives, organizations, and
operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and
improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts o
hazards and the possibility of disaster.

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information System

– a specialized database which contains, among others, information on
disasters and their human material, economic and environmental
impact, risk assessment and mapping, and vulnerable groups.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Early Warning System – the set of capacities needed to generate and
disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals,
communities and organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act
appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss.

Early Warning System four (4) key elements:

Knowledge of the risk;
Monitoring, analysis and forecasting of the hazards;
Communication or dissemination of alerts and warnings;
Local capabilities to respond to the warning received.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Emergency Management – the organization and management of
resources and responsibilities for addressing all aspects of
emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and initial recovery
steps.

Geographic Information System – a database which contains,

among others, geo-hazard assessments, information on climate
change, and climate risk reduction and management.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Hazard – a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or
condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic
disruption, or environmental damage.

Mitigation – structural and non-structural measures undertaken to

limit the adverse impact of natural hazards, environmental
degradation, and technological hazards and to ensure the ability of at-
risk communities to address vulnerabilities aimed at minimizing the
impact of disasters.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework
or NDRRMF – provides for comprehensive, all hazards, multi-sectoral,
inter-agency and community-based approach to disaster risk reduction
and management.

NDRRM PLAN OR NDRRMP – the document to be formulated and

implemented by the office of civil defense (ocd) that sets out goals and
specific objectives for reducing disaster risk together with related
actions to accomplish these objectives.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Post-disaster recovery – the restoration and improvement of

facilities, livelihood and living conditions of disaster-affected
communities were appropriate, including efforts to reduce disaster risk
factors, in accordance with the principles of “build back better”
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Preparedness – pre-disaster actions and measures being undertaken

within the context of disaster risk reduction and management and are
based on sound risk analysis as well as pre-disaster activities to avert
or minimize loss of life and property such as, but not limited to
community organizing, training, planning, equipping, stockpiling,
hazard mapping, insuring of assets, and public information and
education initiatives.