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Weirs

Weirs are structures used to measure open channel flow rates by causing water to rise above an obstruction, with the height of water above the weir crest correlating to flow rate. They are classified as sharp-crested or broad-crested, with specific equations for calculating discharge based on their dimensions. Examples illustrate how to calculate flow rates for both types of weirs using given parameters.

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Talha Aslam
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1 views11 pages

Weirs

Weirs are structures used to measure open channel flow rates by causing water to rise above an obstruction, with the height of water above the weir crest correlating to flow rate. They are classified as sharp-crested or broad-crested, with specific equations for calculating discharge based on their dimensions. Examples illustrate how to calculate flow rates for both types of weirs using given parameters.

Uploaded by

Talha Aslam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Weirs

Engr. Muhammad Tahir


Weirs
• A weir is basically an obstruction in an open channel flow
path. Weirs are commonly used for measurement of open
channel flow rate.
• A weir functions by causing water to rise above the
obstruction in order to flow over it. The height of water above
the obstruction correlates with the flow rate, so that
measurement of the height of the flowing water above the
top of the weir can be used to determine the flow rate by the
use of an equation, graph or table.
• The top of the weir, which is used as the reference level for
the height of water flowing over it, is called the crest of the
weir.
• Weirs are typically classified as being either sharp-crested or
broad-crested.
Sharp Crested Weirs
Sharp Crested Weirs
• A sharp-crested weir
consists of a vertical flat
plate with a sharp edge at
the top (the crest), placed
in an open channel so that
the liquid must flow over
the crest in order to drop
into the pool below the
weir. Figure below shows a
longitudinal section
representing flow over a
sharp-crested weir.
Shapes
Discharge
• Theoretical discharge in case of rectangular
notch is given by

• Theoretical discharge in case of V- Notch is


given by
Broad Crested Weir
• A broad crested weir is normally a flat topped
obstruction which extends across the entire
channel, as shown in the figure on next slide.
• Discharge can be calculated as in SI units as
Q=0.886LH1.5
• L= length of weir in (m)
• H= height over the weir (m)
• Q= discharge (m3/s)
Broad Crested Weir
• Discharge can be calculated as in cfs units as
Q=1.6LH1.5
• L= length of weir in (ft)
• H= height over the weir (ft)
• Q= discharge (ft3/s)
Broad Crested Weir
Example
• Calculate the flow rate in a 4 ft wide channel in
which head over the broad crested weir , h is
measured 2.5ft. The weir was designed to provide
critical flow over the crest.
• Ans: 25.3 cfs
• A broad crested weir 10m long has maximum
discharge 10,000 (l/s) determine the head of water
on u/s side of the weir for this discharge, if coef of
discharge is 0.62.
• Ans: 1.5 m
Example
• Determine the maximum discharge over a
broad crested weir 60m long having 60cm
height of water above the crest of weir.
Coefficient of discharge is 0. 95.
• Ans:23.5 m3/s

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