Identify the different organ systems of the
body
GUIDE
1.What is a QUESTIONS:
body system? What
makes up a body system?
2.From the pictures given, identify at
least one body’s system and
identify its function.
3.Why is studying body systems
important?
I.Activity No.: Activity #1: My Favorite Food
II.Objective(s): Analyze the importance of
food to one’s body.
III.Materials Needed: Notebook
IV.Instructions: Think of your favorite food.
Describe why you like it. Identify the
ingredients and describe how it can help to
keep your body healthy. Write a creative title
for your write up.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Why do you like the food that you
have chosen?
2. Is your favorite healthy? Why?
3. How does your body make use of
the nutrients from your favorite
food? What system helps it absorb
the nutrients?
The
Digestive
System
• It is a group of organs that
works together to transform
food into forms that cell in
the body can absorb to
provide energy for its various
functions and to nourish and
build new cells.
• The system responsible for
-- Digestion
Digestion
The process in which food is
transformed into substances which
the body can use to maintain its
various functions.
Mechanical and Chemical
breakdown of complex nutrients
(foods) into smaller molecular
Six main steps:
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 INGESTION 4 ABSORPTION
MECHANICAL
2 5 ASSIMILATION
BREAKDOWN
3 CHEMICAL 6 DEFACATION
DIGESTION
The Gastrointestinal Tract
It is a long tube where the
food passes through.
It extends form the mouth to
the anus.
Has two divisions:
Upper Gastrointestinal
Tract: mouth, pharynx,
esophagus, and stomach.
Lower Gastrointestinal
Tract: intestines, rectum,
and anus.
Accessory Organs of
Gastrointestinal Tract: teeth,
tongue, salivary glands, liver,
Organs of the Human
Gastrointestinal Tract
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum and Anus
Mouth
The part of the digestive system that
receives food.
Mechanical and chemical digestion occurs.
Various accessory organs that help in the
mechanical and chemical digestion of food:
tongue, teeth, and salivary glands.
Pharynx
Also called as throat
A funnel-shaped tube
located at the back of the
mouth.
It is lined with mucus
membrane, and involved
in passing chewed food
form the mouth to the
esophagus.
It contains a flat, thin
Epiglotis
sealed off the
windpipe during
eating,to prevent
choking and food
passes to the
esophagus
Esophagus
About 25 centimeters (10 esophagus
inches) in length.
It is a muscular tube that
connects the pharynx and
the stomach.
This receives masses of stomach
chewed food rom the mouth
through the pharynx and
passes it to the stomach in a
series of muscular bolus
contractions and relaxations
Esophageal Sphincter
o Upper Esophageal Sphincter
(UES) – located at the upper
end of the esophagus; keeps
food and gastric or stomach
content for going down the
trachea..
o Lower Esophageal Sphincter
(LES) – located at the lower
end of the organ, prevents
food and gastric contents from
•
Stomach
A muscular sac-like organ
located between the esophagus
and the small intestine.
• This secretes hydrochloric acid
(HCl) and digestive enzymes,
which help break down food
into soluble substances.
• Acts as receptacle for food,
allowing the body to have
enough time to digest food
properly.
• Two sphincters – the
esophageal sphincter and the
pyloric sphincter that keep the
Small Intestine
A long narrow tube
About 7 meters (23
feet) long in adults
Located in the
abdomen.
It continues the
process of digestion
with the action of bile
and enzymes secreted
Large Intestine
• Also known as colon
• Located in the lower abdomen of the
body.
• About 1.5 meters (5 feet) in length
and 3 inches in diameter
• Shorter and wider compared to the
small intestine.
• The primary function of this organ is to
absorb water from the undigested
food from the small intestine before
sending it into the rectum as waste or
feces, which are excreted out of the
body through the anus.
• This organ contains many symbiotic
Rectum and Anus
• Rectum is the end
rectum
section of the large
intestine before
reaching the anus.
• The anus is the opening
at the lower end of the
gastrointestinal tract
that controls the anus
Tongue
• Small muscular organ located
at the lower portion of the
mouth.
• Covered with mucus
membrane – moist, thin layer
of skin.
Papillae
• The small bumps in the
tongue, which give the
tongue’s surface a rough
texture, are called papillae.
• Papillae – contain taste buds
Salivary Glands
• Located in and around the mouth and
throat
• Produces a watery secretion called saliva.
• Saliva
• Helps moisten and lubricate food as it
passes from the mouth through the
pharynx and esophagus.
• Contains the enzyme amylase that
breaks down carbohydrates. Thus,
Pancreas
• Located deep abdomen behind the stomach.
• Connected in the duodenum through a small tube called
the pancreatic duct.
• Pancreatic juice which contains enzymes secreted from
the pancreas into the small intestine, helps complete the
chemical digestion of carbohydrates, protein, and fat in
chyme.
Liver
• A large reddish-brown organ
located at the upper right-hand
area of the abdominal cavity;
below the diphragm; and above
the stomach; right kidney, and
intestines.
• Secrets bile
• a substance that helps
digest fats.
• Breaks down large droplets of
fat into smaller ones
• It also filters blood coming from
the gastrointestinal tract before
Gallbladder
• Small pear-shaped
organ located
under the liver.
• Stores bile
produced by the
liver.
• Secretes bile into
the small intestine
through a small
The End.
