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Styled Extensive Water Resources Project

This project examines the critical role of water resources, highlighting their importance for domestic, agricultural, industrial, and environmental uses. It addresses the challenges of water scarcity caused by overpopulation, pollution, and climate change, and discusses conservation strategies, traditional management systems, and government initiatives in India. The document emphasizes the need for sustainable water management to ensure future availability and support for various Sustainable Development Goals.

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0 views16 pages

Styled Extensive Water Resources Project

This project examines the critical role of water resources, highlighting their importance for domestic, agricultural, industrial, and environmental uses. It addresses the challenges of water scarcity caused by overpopulation, pollution, and climate change, and discusses conservation strategies, traditional management systems, and government initiatives in India. The document emphasizes the need for sustainable water management to ensure future availability and support for various Sustainable Development Goals.

Uploaded by

kansalachyut0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Extensive Project on Water Resources

Name:
Class:
Section:
School Name:
Subject: Geography
Date:
Introduction

• Water is one of the most vital natural resources on Earth. All forms of life
depend on it for survival.
• Although 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water, only a small
portion is accessible and suitable for human use.
• This project explores the significance, sources, distribution, challenges,
and conservation strategies associated with water resources.
Importance of Water Resources

• Water is indispensable for life. It supports a wide range of human


activities.
• 1. Domestic Use: Drinking, cooking, cleaning, sanitation.
• 2. Agriculture: Irrigation of crops, livestock maintenance.
• 3. Industrial Use: Manufacturing, cooling systems, processing.
• 4. Hydroelectric Power: Water is used to generate renewable electricity.
• 5. Environmental Functions: Maintains wetlands, rivers, and aquatic
ecosystems.
Sources of Water

• Water is derived from various natural and man-made sources.


• 1. Surface Water: Rivers, lakes, ponds, streams.
• 2. Groundwater: Found in aquifers and wells, used extensively for
irrigation and domestic purposes.
• 3. Rainwater: Primary source of freshwater that replenishes other sources.
• 4. Desalinated Water: Process of removing salt from seawater to make it
usable.
• 5. Glaciers: Natural reservoirs of freshwater found in polar regions and
high mountains.
Distribution of Water on Earth

• Earth's water is unevenly distributed, and only a small fraction is usable.


• 1. Oceans: 97.5% of total water is saline and not directly usable.
• 2. Freshwater: Only 2.5% of Earth's water is fresh.
• - Glaciers and ice caps: 68.7%
• - Groundwater: 30.1%
• - Surface water (rivers and lakes): 0.3%
• 3. This limited availability demands efficient water management
strategies.
Water Scarcity – Causes

• Water scarcity arises due to various natural and human-made factors.


• 1. Overpopulation and high demand.
• 2. Excessive withdrawal for agriculture and industry.
• 3. Pollution of water sources by chemicals and waste.
• 4. Deforestation and land degradation.
• 5. Climate change and erratic rainfall patterns.
• 6. Poor water management and wastage.
Water Scarcity – Effects

• The effects of water scarcity are far-reaching.


• 1. Agricultural failure and food insecurity.
• 2. Health issues due to consumption of contaminated water.
• 3. Decrease in industrial productivity.
• 4. Biodiversity loss and ecosystem damage.
• 5. Social conflicts and water wars.
• 6. Urban water shortages and rising costs.
Conservation of Water Resources

• Water conservation is the need of the hour.


• 1. Fixing leaks and preventing water wastage.
• 2. Using water-efficient fixtures and appliances.
• 3. Adopting sustainable farming practices.
• 4. Promoting public awareness about water conservation.
• 5. Government policies for regulation and reuse.
Irrigation Techniques

• Efficient irrigation methods can greatly reduce water use in agriculture.


• 1. Traditional Methods: Furrow, flood, and basin irrigation.
• 2. Modern Methods: Drip and sprinkler systems.
• - Drip irrigation delivers water directly to plant roots.
• - Sprinkler irrigation mimics rainfall, suitable for uneven terrain.
Rainwater Harvesting

• Rainwater harvesting is the practice of collecting and storing rainwater for


reuse.
• 1. Rooftop harvesting: Rainwater is collected from roofs and stored in
tanks.
• 2. Recharge pits: Rainwater is directed into the ground to replenish
aquifers.
• 3. Advantages: Reduces dependence on groundwater, minimizes urban
flooding, and conserves potable water.
Traditional Water Management Systems in India

• India has a rich heritage of traditional water conservation systems.


• 1. Stepwells (Baolis): Deep wells with steps, found in Rajasthan and
Gujarat.
• 2. Tanks and Ponds (Kunds, Talabs): Community reservoirs in South India.
• 3. Ahar-Pyne System: Traditional irrigation in Bihar.
• 4. Khadins and Johads: Water harvesting structures in arid regions of
Rajasthan.
• These methods are sustainable and community-managed.
Government Initiatives

• The Indian government has launched several initiatives to manage water


resources.
• 1. Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Campaign for water conservation and rainwater
harvesting.
• 2. Jal Jeevan Mission: Aims to provide piped water to all rural households.
• 3. Atal Bhujal Yojana: Groundwater management program with
community participation.
• 4. Namami Gange: Focuses on cleaning and rejuvenating the Ganga River.
• 5. National Water Policy: Aims for integrated water resources
development.
Role of Technology

• Modern technology can improve water resource management.


• 1. Satellite and GIS mapping of water bodies.
• 2. IoT sensors for monitoring water quality and usage.
• 3. Desalination and wastewater treatment plants.
• 4. Smart irrigation systems and AI-based forecasting.
Water and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

• Water management is closely linked with several UN Sustainable


Development Goals (SDGs).
• 1. SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation.
• 2. SDG 13: Climate Action.
• 3. SDG 2: Zero Hunger (through sustainable agriculture).
• 4. SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being.
• Ensuring water security supports multiple aspects of sustainable
development.
Conclusion

• Water is a precious and limited resource that must be preserved for future
generations.
• The growing challenges of scarcity and pollution require urgent attention.
• Through a combination of traditional wisdom, modern technology, and
community participation, sustainable water management is possible.
• Every individual has a role to play in conserving water.
Bibliography

• 1. NCERT Geography Textbook – Class 10


• 2. Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India
• 3. DownToEarth Magazine
• 4. UN Water Reports
• 5. Wikipedia (Cross-checked)
• 6. School Notes and Classroom Lectures

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