HAZARD

IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT
& RISK CONTROL
 OBJECTIVE

 To identify types of Hazard in work area

 To make Risk Assessments
 To suggest Risk Controls to
Organization
 To implementing Risk Controls
 To review Risk Controls
 HIRARC -Planning & Implementation
ACCIDENT & FEEDBACK &
LEGAL NEAR MISSES COMPLAIN INSPECTION
& AUDIT

HIRARC

SOP ERP
INTERNAL TRANING
AUDIT POLICY SAFETY
COMMITTEE

MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
 OSH-MS (MS 1722:2003)
Key Elements
 Policy
 Organizing
 Planning And Implementation
 Measuring Performance
 Action for Improvement
 Why We Need OSH-MS
 Our Organization to be No. 1
 Increase “Return of Investment”
- employees, money , time…..
 Safe work place
 How To Start
 Organization should have vision
 Commitment from management

- right people
- resource
- time
 How To Start

 Should have internal audit

 Management committee to review reports
 External audit
 Specific organization policy- hazard specific
 Employee’s participation - meeting, training
 Safety as basic training
Why conduct a risk
assessment
 Human factors–save life, stop workplace injures,
illnesses and increase staff morale.

 Legal factors–meet legislative requirements.

 Financial factors–decrease the risk of prosecution

and fines incurred, reduce absenteeism, increase
potential for gaining shareholders and increase
productivity.
 Introduction to HIRARC
 Principlesused in workplace to manage
safety and health.
 Section 15 (2)(a) of OSHA 1994:

which reads “ the provision and

maintenance of plants and systems of
work that are,so far as is practicable,
safe and without risks to health”
 Introduction to HIRARC

The activities consist of Hazard Indentification, Risk Assessment

and Risk Control.
 Hazard identification is the recognising of things which may cause injury or
harm to a person.
 Risk assessment is the looking at the possibility of injury or harm occuring
to a person if exposed to a hazard.
 The introduction of measures which will eliminate or reduce the risk of a
person being exposed to a harzard is known as Risk control.
 Introduction to HIRARC
We need to know about HIRARC because:
 it is the core business of all OSH personnel, safety committee
members, supervisors…etc.
 it is a DIRECTIVE from the Chief Secretary of the government
service.
 Before the process of identifying any hazards begin, it is
necessary to know how to classify what is hazard, risk and
danger.
 Hazard – anything that can cause harm.
 Risk – a probability of harm actually being done.
 Danger – the relative exposure to a hazard.
The Process of Risk Management
Classify Activities
(Work, Product, Services)

Identify Hazard

Assess The Risk

Risk Control

Review Risk Control

 Classification & Potential
Sources of Hazards
Classification Example of Hazards
 Mechanical - Sharp points & edges, overload.
 Electrical - Insulation damaged or cover broken
 Biological - Exposed, airborne/blood borne
 microorganism.
 Chemical - Expose to carcinogens chemical
 Ergonomics - Expose to unnatural postures
 Psychological- Stress or violent at workplace.
WORK ENVIRONMENT

Adequate Access
 Refers to adequate access to, from and within the workplace
Air Conditioning
 Refers to uncontaminated air in the work space
Confined Spaces
 Means enclosed work space where people do not normally
 work (defined in standards)
Temperature Extremes:
 a) Heat This includes contact with hot objects, hyperthermia, fire (Not explosions)
 b) Cold This includes contact with cold objects and hypothermia
Lighting
 Refers to adequate illumination for the particular work being done
Mental Stress
 Includes bullying, workplace violence, shift work, excessive work loads
Dehydration
 Inadequate water supply for the individuals while working
ENERGY
Electrical
 Includes contact with exposed wires and contact with high voltage

Gravity
 Includes falls, trips and slips of persons as well as objects falling, working at
heights
Kinetic Energy:
 a) The body hitting objects: Hitting objects with part of the body
 b) Hit by moving objects: Being hit by moving objects but excluding falling
objects
 c) Explosion An explosion may also include heat as a hazard
 d) Penetrating objects This includes all objects that can penetrate including
needles
Vibration
 Includes vibration to parts or to the whole body

Acoustic/Noise
 Includes exposure to single, sudden sound or long term exposure

Pressure
 Pressure in hydraulic and pneumatic systems
BIOLOGICAL

Biological /Microbiological
 Includes bacterial, fungal, viral, parasitic
or human/animal tissue/fluids blood
products
MECHANICAL

Vehicles
 Being caught between, struck by or against vehicles
 (includes fork lifts)

Mobile and Fixed Plant

 Being caught between, struck by or against plant
(defined in legislation)
Powered Equipment
 Includes electrical or fuel powered equipment, tools
and appliances
Non-Powered Equipment
 Includes non-powered hand tools, appliances and
equipment
CHEMICAL
Flammable
 Refers to chemicals which burn
Corrosive
 Refers to chemicals which will corrode tissue or metals
Toxic
 Refers to chemicals which will poison a worker
Oxidizers
 Refers to chemicals which will provide oxygen to a fire, or
react readily
Compressed Gases
 Refers to gases which under high pressure
 Hazard Identification
The identification of hazards includes for
areas of analysis:

 Ergonomic factors
 Human factors
 Situational factors
 Environmental factors
 Hazard Identification
 Ergonomic factors
 An ergonomic hazard is a physical factor within the environment
that harms the musculoskeletal system.
 Ergonomics is the study of how a workplace, the equipment used
there and the work environment itself can best be designed for
comfort, efficiency, safety and productivity. Often we can improve
our levels of comfort and productivity with relatively simple
changes.
 Ergonomic hazards include themes such as:
 repetitivemovement, manual handling,
workplace/job/task design, uncomfortable
workstation height and poor body positioning.
 Hazard Identification
 Ergonomic factors
 The main areas of concern for workplaces and employees will often
relate to:
 workstations (sitting and standing)
 equipment layout and operation
 computer systems
 noise
 lighting
 thermal comfort
 maintenance tasks performed on plant items.
 Hazard Identification
 Ergonomic factors
 Goal of an ergonomic program is to design a work system in
which the work methods, machines, equipment, layout and
environment (noise, heat, light and air quality) are matched or are
compatible with the physical and behavioural characteristics of
the worker to reduce risk.
 Hazard Identification
 Human factors
 When a worker or another person causes an accident by
commissions, poor judgment or omission (failing to do
something), the cause is labelled a human factor.
 Incidents involving humans (unsafe acts)
 unsafe act generally refers to a deviation from standard job procedures or
practices that increases a workers exposure to a hazard.
 Examples of unsafe acts:
 Unauthorized operation of equipment
 Improper use of equipment
 Use of defective equipment
 Failure to lock out power when servicing equipment
 Removal or disabling of safety devices
 Fall into two categories; predictable (knows that is possible) and
random (very nature difficult to predict).
 Hazard Identification
 Situational factors
 Also known as unsafe conditions; exist when a company does not
provide proper equipment, tools, or facilities or when its
operations are unsafe.
 Examples;
 Improper illumination
 Poor exhaust or ventilation systems
 Defective equipment and materials
 Airborne toxic chemical agents
 Physical agent-machinery noise
 Poor housekeeping
 Poor indoor air quality
 Hazard Identification
 Situational factors

 Situational factors can be grouped into four categories;

 Defects in design

 Substandard construction

 Improper storage of hazardous materials

 Inadequate planning, layout and design

 Hazard Identification
 Environmental factors
 Including physical factors, chemical factors, biological factor and
ergonomic factors can play either a direct and indirect role in
accident.
 Choosing a Hazard Identification
Program

 The factors influencing the determining the type of hazard

identification program:
 Sources of request for information.
 Nature of hazards.
 Cost.
 Use of safety experts.
Actions & Recommendations

 Allrelated statements should be

made
 With no cost restrains
 Should be reviewed every 4 months
 Need management support
 Risk Assessment
 Isthe process of evaluating the risk to
safety & health from hazards at work

Types
- Qualitative
- Semi-quantitative
- Quantitative
 How To Assess Risk

1) Look for the Hazards

2) Decide who might be harmed & how
3) Evaluate the risk and check what is
done to prevent it from happening
• 4) Record finding
• 5) Review assessment and revise it
if necessary
Types of Risk Assessment

 Qualitative - (Use Risk Matrix)

-table scales for likelihood and
severity
• Fatality
• Major injuries
• Minor injuries
• First aid or near misses
Types of Risk Assessment

 Based on statistic
Likelihood
 Very likely
 Likely
 Unlikely
 Highly Unlikely
 Qualitative Risk Table
Likelihood
Severity
V/Likely Likely Unlikely H/Unlikely

Fatality High High High Medium

Major High High Medium Medium
Injuries
Minor High Medium Medium Low
Injuries
First Aid/ Medium Medium Low Low
N/misses
 Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment

 Severity Categories
1. First Aid
2. Less than 4 days M/C
3. More than 4 days M/C
4. Fatality & Permanent Disability
Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment

 Likelihood Occurrence

1. Yearly
2. Monthly
3. Weekly
4. Daily
Semi-Quantitative Risk Table
LIKELIHOOD
S Yearly Monthly Weekly Daily

E 1 2 3 4
First Aid 1 1 2 3 4
V
E < 4 Days MC 2 2 4 6 8

R > 4 Days MC 3 3 6 9 12
I
Fatality & 4 4 8 12 16
T Permanent
Disability
y
 Quantitative Risk Assessment

 In cases where hazards are numerous

and complex
eg; Chemical process plant
Should have Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
- describe job in less than 10 steps
- List things that can go wrong
- eg; Changing a Car Wheel
Actions & Recommendations

 EL- Eliminate
 SL- Substitute
 IS- Isolation
 EC- Engineering Control
 AC - Administration Control
 PPE- Personal Protection
Equipment
Actions & Recommendations
Eg;
EL - stop work, cover hazard…
SL - use other route, other material..
IS - put up temporary barrier,…
EC - construct permanent wall,..
AC - put up notice, job rotation,…
PPE - gloves, respirator,……
Thank You