DEVELOPMENT OF SOLIDS

**TOPICS SHOULD BE COVERED**

1.Basic of solids.

2.Defination of development.

3.Methods of development.

4.How we approach the question of development.

5.Exercise questions.
 DEFINITIONS

Development of Surfaces of the solid :

1. Suppose an object like a square prism is
wrapped around by using paper.
2. When the wrapper is opened and spread
out on a plane surface, the resulting figure
is called the development of the surfaces
of the solid.
Note :
The development of any solid shows the
true shape of all the surfaces of the solid.
 METHODS OF DEVELOPMENT

1. Parallel line method

2. Radial line method
3. Approximate method

Note :
4. The development of the lateral
surfaces of the objects only are
shown.
5. The base and top are cut to the
 PRISMS & CYLINDERS –
PARALLEL LINE DEVELOPMENT METHOD
DEVELOPMENT OF CYLINDER

End

Lateral Sides

Lateral Surface
DEVELOPMENT OF PRISM

End

Lateral Surface

Lateral Sides
 PYRAMIDS & CONES –
RADIAL LINE DEVELOPMENT METHOD
DEVELOPMENT OF PYRAMID
DEVELOPMENT OF CONE

Slant length

Circumferenc
e of base
circle
 Problem 1
Draw the development of the lateral surfaces
of a right square prism of edge of base 30
mm and axis 50 mm long.
PROBLEM 1 Draw a line equal to the length of the perimeter of the
base of the prism.

a’(d’) b’(c’) A B C D A

50

a’1 (d’1) b’1 (c’1) A1 C1 A1

B1 D1
d (d1) c (c1) 120

a (a1) b (b1)
30
 Problem 2
Draw the development of the complete
surface of a cylindrical drum. Diameter is 40
mm and height 60 mm.
 PROBLEM 2 Draw a line equal to the length of the circumference of
the base circle (D).

r’(v’) s’(u’) P R T P
p’ q’(w’) t’ Q S U V W

60

c’(g’) e’
a’ b’(h’) A B C D E F G H A
v(g)
w(h) d’(f’) u(f) 125.6

40p(a) t(e)

q(b)
s(d)
r(c)
 PROBLEM 3

A hexagonal prism, edge of base 20 mm and

axis 50 mm long, rests with its base on
HP
such that one its rectangular
parallel of VP. faces is is
perpendicular
to cut by
to VP, inclined at 45°a to HP
plane
and
passing through the right corner of the top
It
face of the prism.
(i) Draw the sectional top view.
(ii)Develop the lateral surfaces of the
truncated prism.
 DRAW SIX EQUAL RECTANGLES TO REPRESENT THE
Problem 3 DEVELOPMENT
OF THE LATERAL SURFACES OF THE HEXAGONAL PRISM IN
THIN LINES.

A B C D E F A
a’ b’(f’) c’(e’) d’
45 4’ 4
(5’) 3 5
3’

2 6
50 (6’) 2’
1’ 1 1

45
a’1 A1
b’1(f’1) c’1(e’1) d’1 B1 C1 D1 E1 F1 A1
f(f1) e(e1) 20

a(a1) d(d1)

b(b1) c(c1)
20
 PROBLEM 4
A pentagonal prism, side of base 25 mm and
altitude 50 mm, rests on its base on the HP
such that an edge of the base is parallel to VP
and nearer to the observer. It is cut by a
plane inclined at 45° to HP, perpendicular to
VP and passing through the center of the
axis.
(i) Draw the development of the complete
surfaces of the truncated prism.
 PROBLEM 4

a’ b’ (e’) c’ d’ A B C D E A
4’ 4
3’ 3

(5’) 45 5
50 °

2’ 2
25 1 1
1’

c’1 d’1
a’1 b’1 (e’1) e(e1) A1 B1 C1 D1 E1 A1
5

a(a1) 4 d(d1)
1
3
2
b(b1) c(c1)
25
 PROBLEM 5

Draw the development of the lateral surface

of the lower portion of a cylinder of diameter
50 mm and axis 70 mm when sectioned by a
plane inclined at 40° to HP and perpendicular
to VP and bisecting axis.
 PROBLEM 5 Draw a line equal to the length of the circumference of
the base circle (D).

r’(v’) s’(u’) P R T P
p’ q’(w’) t’ Q S U V W
5’ 5
4’ 4 6
(6’)
70 3’ 40 3 7
(7’)°
2 8
35 2’ (8’)
1’ 1 1
c’(g’) e’
a’ b’(h’) A B C D E F G H A
v(g)
w(h) 7d’(f’)6 u(f) 157
8
5
50p(a) t(e)
1
4
q(b) 2 3 s(d)
r(c)
 PROBLEM 6

Draw the development of the lateral surfaces

of a square pyramid, side of base 25 mm and
height 50 mm, resting with its base on HP
and an edge of the base parallel to VP.
PROBLEM 6 If the top view of a slant edge of a pyramid
is parallel to XY, then the front view of that
edge will give its true length.
To obtain
o’ the true
length of a
slant edge
make “ob”
parallel to
XY. O
O as center and ob as radius draw an arc to
50 True length cut the horizontal drawn from o at a1.
of slant edge

a’(d’) b’(c’)
a’1
d
c
A
25 a1
o 25 A
B
D
a b C
 PROBLEM 7

Draw the development of the lateral surface

of a cone of base diameter 48 mm and
altitude 55 mm.
PROBLEM 7  = (Base circle radius/True slant length)*360°
 = (24/60)*360°
 =144°
o’ Divide 144° into 4 equal
parts.
Per division 36°

True length (L) of

slant generator O
55

36 144
° °
a’ b’(d’) c’

A
48
a c
o A

B
D
b C
 PROBLEM 7

A square pyramid of base side 25 mm and

altitude 50 mm rests on it base on the HP
with two sides of the base parallel to the VP.
It is cut by a plane bisecting the axis and
inclined a 30° to the base. Draw the
development of the lateral surfaces of the
lower part of the cut pyramid.
 Problem 7 o’a’1 gives the true length of the slant edge.
O1=O4=o’1” , similarly O2=O3=o’2”
To obtain the true length of a slant
edge make “ob” parallel to XY.
o’ O as center and ob as radius draw an arc to
cut the horizontal drawn from o at a1.

(3’) 2’
302’’(3’’) True length O
° of slant edge
50
(4’)
25 1’ 1’’(4’’)
1 2 1
a’(d’) 3 4
b’(c’) A
a’1
d c
A

25 a1
o B
D

a b C
 PROBLEM 8

A regular hexagonal pyramid of side of base

30 mm and height 60 mm is resting vertically
on its base on HP such that two of the sides
of the base are perpendicular to VP. It is cut
by a plane inclined at 40° to HP and
perpendicular to VP. The cutting plane bisects
the axis of the pyramid. Obtain the
development of the lateral surface of the
truncated pyramid.
PROBLEM 8

o’ O

30 1’(6’)
1 P
60 1’’(6’’) 6
40 2’’(5’’)
°a’
2’(5’) 2
5
3’’(4’’)
3’(4’)
p’(u’) q’(t’)
r’(s’) a’1
t U
5
u 4
s P 3
4
a6 a1
30 T
o
1 3
p 2 r
Q S
Sectional top R
q
view
 PROBLEM 9

A pentagonal pyramid side of base 30 mm

and height 52 mm stands with its base on HP
and an edge of the base is parallel to VP and
nearer to it. It is cut by a plane perpendicular
to VP, inclined at 40° to HP and passing
through a point on the axis 32 mm above the
base. Draw the sectional top view. Develop
the lateral surface of the truncated pyramid.
Page no 15.12
PROBLEM 9
o’ O

3 6
3’
(4’) 3” 4 5
40 4” 2
52  2” 1
2’ 5”
1” A
32 1’ (5’)

a’ (e’) b’ (d’) c’
e a’d1 A
5
4
a1 E
1 o 3 c
2 B D
30 C
a b
 PROBLEM 10

A Cone of base diameter 60 mm and height

70 mm is resting on its base on HP. It is cut by
a plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at
30° to HP. The plane bisects the axis of the
cone. Draw the development of its lateral
surface.
 oa is parallel to XY. So o’a’ = OA = True length
Problem 10
of the generator (slant height)

o’  = (r/L)*360°
 =
(30/76)*360°

Divide
=142°142° into 8 equal
(6”) 4”5” 4’(6’) 5’30 parts.
(7”) 3” 70
3’(7’) Per division 17.75°
(8”)2” 2’(8’) O
1”
1’ 35
142
H.P 1 17.8
c’(g’) °
X
a’ b’(h’) d’(f’) e’ . Y ° 1
g V.P.
h f A 2 8
3 4 7 A
5 6
60 a o e
B
H
b d
c C
G
D E F
 PROBLEM 11

A Cone of base 50 mm diameter and 60 mm

height, rests with its base on HP. It is cut by a
section plane perpendicular to VP, parallel to
one of the generators and passing through a
point on the axis at a distance of 22 mm from
the apex. Draw the sectional top view and
develop the lateral surface of the remaining
portion of the cone. Page no 15.23
 PROBLEM 11 Measure in top view b to 1.
b1=B1 ; g7=G7

o’
O
4”
3”(5”) 3’(5’)
4’ 22
a’ 138.5°
2”(6”)
2’(6’)
60 17.3 4
° 3 5
A 6
2 A
H.P
. Y
1’(7’)
X p’ q’(w’) r’(v’) s’(u’) t’ V.P.
g B
7 H
h f
6 1
5 7
a C G
50 a e
o 34 D F
2 E
b d
1
c
 PROBLEM 12

A cylinder of diameter 40 mm, height 75 mm

is cut by a plane perpendicular to VP and
inclined at 55° to HP meeting the axis at top
face. Draw the lateral development of the
solid.
 Thank You!

Presented By : Suraj Sharma

Roll no : 0905AL231072
Branch : CSE-AIML
ITM GWALIOR

Under the Guidance of : Dr. S.K. Sharma( HOD OF MECHANICAL

DEPARTMENT)