what is an operating

×
system?
 operating system (os)
×
An operating system or OS is a software
installed on a computer's hard drive that
enables the computer hardware to
communicate and operate with the computer
software. Without a computer operating system,
a computer and software programs would be
useless.
 Character User Interface or Command-Line
User Interface (CUI) ×
a way for users to interact with
computer programs. It works by allowing
the user (client) to issue commands as
one or more lines of text to a program.
 Graphical User Interface
(GUI) ×
Modern operating systems use a
graphical user interface, or GUI
(pronounced gooey). It lets you use your
mouse to click icons, buttons, and
menus, and everything is clearly
displayed on the screen using a
combination of graphics and text.
 ×
functions of operating
system
 1.Memory Management ×

Keeps track of the primary memory, i.e.

what part of it is in use by whom, what
part is not in use, etc. and allocates the
memory when a process or program
requests it.
 2. Processor Management ×

Allocates the processor (CPU) to a

process and deallocates the processor
when it is no longer required.
 3. Device Management ×

Keeps track of all the devices. This is

also called I/O controller that decides
which process gets the device, when,
and for how much time.
 4. File Management ×

It manages all the file-related activities

such as organization storage, retrieval,
naming, sharing, and protection of files.
 5. security ×

Prevents unauthorized access to

programs and data by means of
passwords and other similar
techniques.
 6. job accounting ×

Keeping track of time & resource used

by various job and users.
 7. Control Over System Performance
×

Records delays between the request for

a service and from the system.
 8. Interaction with the Operators
×

Interaction may take place via the

console of the computer in the form of
instructions. The Operating System
acknowledges the same, does the
corresponding action, and informs the
operation by a display screen.
 9. Error-detecting Aids ×

Production of dumps, traces, error

messages, and other debugging and
error-detecting methods.
 10. Coordination Between Other
Software and Users ×

Coordination and assignment of

compilers, interpreters, assemblers,
and other software to the various users
of the computer systems.
 11. Networking ×

A distributed system is a group of

processors which do not share memory,
hardware devices, or a clock. The
processors communicate with one
another through the network.
3 common computer ×
operating systems
 1.MICROSOFT WINDOWS ×
also called Windows and Windows OS,
computer operating system was
developed by Microsoft Corporation to
run personal computers.
Founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen
on April 4, 1975.
1.MICROSOFT WINDOWS ×
 eVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
×
DOS or Disk Operating System was the
first operating system used by IBM-
compatible computers. It was originally
available in two versions that were
essentially the same, but marketed
under two different names.
 eVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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PC-DOS was the version developed by
IBM and sold to the first IBM compatible
manufacturers throughout 1980s. MS-
DOS was the version that Microsoft
bought the rights to, and was bundled
with the first versions of Windows.
 eVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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Windows 1.0
was introduced in November 20, 1985. It was
initially sold for $100. The use of Windows 1.0
as a GUI meant that MS-DOS users didn’t
have to manually enter text commands just to
complete basic tasks. Now, they could carry
out tasks and browse their own files by just
pointing and clicking on icons and menus.
WINDOWS 1.0 ×
 eVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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Windows 2.0
Just two years later, in 1987, the technology
company released Windows 2.0. This version
of Windows included such notable features as
overlapping windows, resizable windows,
keyboard shortcuts, and support for VGA
graphics. The first Windows versions of Word
and Excel also made their debut with
WINDOWS 2.0 ×
 eVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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Windows 3.0
came out in 1990 and offered 256 color
support. It features multitasking DOS
programs which may have contributed to
Windows’ flow in popularity. Another notable
feature of Windows 3.0 is that it’s the version
that saw the first appearance of the classic
desktop game Solitaire.
WINDOWS 3.0 ×
 eVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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In 1992, Windows 3.1
delivered quite a few new and
essential features, such as support
for TrueType fonts, the ability to drag
and drop icons,
WINDOWS 3.1 ×
 eVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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Windows 95
came out in 1995. It was the first 32-bit version
of Windows (previous versions had been 16 bit)
new features include the taskbar, the Start
menu, long file names, and plug-and-play
capabilities in which peripheral devices only
needed to be connected to a PC in order to work
properly. Windows 95 also saw the introduction
of Microsoft’s web browser, Internet Explorer.
WINDOWS 95 ×
 eVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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Windows 98
came out in 1998. It offers support for a
number of new technologies. It’s most
visible feature is the web browser’s and
other internet-based programs and tools,
such as Outlook Express, Microsoft Chat.
WINDOWS 98 ×
 eVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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Windows 2000
had a real focus on accessibility and introduced
several features to the OS, including Sticky Keys, a
high-contrast theme, Microsoft Magnifier, an on-
screen keyboard, and a screen reader known as
Microsoft Narrator. It allows users to choose the
language in which their display would be viewed.
The users could choose from a variety of
languages, including Arabic, Japanese, and Greek.
WINDOWS 2000 ×
 eVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
×
Windows ME
stands for ―Millennium Edition. Some of its
useful tool includes System Restore, a recovery
feature that, in the event your computer starts
having problems due to a poorly executed
installation of a program or update, updates
can be remove and restore your computer back
to how it was before .
WINDOWS ME ×
 eVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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Windows XP
was released in 2001 and is widely considered
to be great among the versions of Windows
that Microsoft had to offer. There were two
main versions of the OS. Home was for
personal use, and Professional was geared
toward being used in work settings.
WINDOWS XP ×
 eVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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Vista
was released in 2007. It introduced some
helpful features, though, like Windows
Defender, DirectX 10 (for PC gaming), speech
recognition, and Windows DVD Maker.
VISTA ×
 eVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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Windows 7
was launched on 2009. Enhancements and new
features include multi-touch support, Internet
Explorer 8, improved performance and start-up
time, Aero Snap, Aero Shake, support for virtual
hard disks, a new and improved Windows
Media Center, and improved security.
WINDOWS 7 ×
 eVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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Windows 8
was released on 2012 and is a completely
redesigned operating system. User interface
primarily consists of a Start screen made up of
Live Tiles, which links to applications and
features that are dynamic and updated in real
time, the ability to log in with a Microsoft
account, support for USB 3.0 and an actual lock
WINDOWS 8 ×
 eVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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Windows 10
came out in 2015. Some features of Windows
10 included the introduction of Cortana, a
native digital personal assistant; the ability to
switch between tablet and desktop mode; and
a new web browser called Microsoft Edge.
WINDOWS 10 ×
 2. MAC OS ×
Macintosh OS previously called OS X, is a line of
operating systems created by Apple. It comes
preloaded on all Macintosh computers, or Macs.
Some of the specific versions include Mojave
(released in 2018), High Sierra (2017), and
Sierra (2016). Steve Jobs is the co-founder and
chief executive officer of Apple Company.
2. MAC OS ×
 3. LINUX ×
is a family of open-source operating systems,
which means they can be modified and distributed
by anyone around the world. This is different from
proprietary software like Windows, which can only
be modified by the company that owns it. The
advantages of Linux are that it is free, and there
are many different distributions or versions you
can choose from.
3. LINUX ×
Any Questions?