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Lecture 10 - AI vs ML vs DL - Classification

The document provides an overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL), explaining their definitions, types, and applications. It details the different categories of AI, including Reactive Machines and Limited Memory, as well as the types of ML algorithms such as Supervised, Unsupervised, and Reinforcement Learning. Additionally, it discusses deep learning as a subset of ML, focusing on neural networks and their applications in various fields.

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14 views34 pages

Lecture 10 - AI vs ML vs DL - Classification

The document provides an overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL), explaining their definitions, types, and applications. It details the different categories of AI, including Reactive Machines and Limited Memory, as well as the types of ML algorithms such as Supervised, Unsupervised, and Reinforcement Learning. Additionally, it discusses deep learning as a subset of ML, focusing on neural networks and their applications in various fields.

Uploaded by

japan302.302
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE
LECTURE # 10
I N S T R U C T O R: M S . K A I N AT S A J I D
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
VS
MACHINE LEARNING
VS
DEEP LEARNING
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

• Artificial intelligence, commonly referred to as AI,


is the process of imparting data, information, and
human intelligence to machines.

• The main goal of Artificial Intelligence is to


develop self-reliant machines that can think
and act like humans.

• These machines can mimic human behavior and


perform tasks by learning and problem-solving.
TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
TYPES OF AI
• Reactive Machines - These are systems that
only react. These systems don’t form memories,
and they don’t use any past experiences for
making new decisions.
• Spam filters
• Chess-playing Supercomputers

• Limited Memory - These systems reference the


past, and information is added over a period of
time. The referenced information is short-lived.
• Self-driving cars
TYPES OF AI
NOTE: doesn’t currently exist
• Theory of Mind - This covers systems that are
able to understand human emotions and how
they affect decision making. They are trained to
adjust their behavior accordingly.

• Self-awareness - These systems are designed


and created to be aware of themselves. They
understand their own internal states, predict
other people’s feelings, and act appropriately.
MACHINE LEARNING
MACHINE LEARNING

• Machine learning is a branch of artificial


intelligence (AI) and computer science which
focuses on the use of data and algorithms to
imitate the way that humans learn, gradually
improving its accuracy.

• Machine learning is a field of artificial intelligence


that allows systems to learn and improve from
experience without being explicitly programmed.
MACHINE LEARNING

• Machine learning accesses vast amounts of data


(both structured and unstructured) and learns
from it to predict the future.

• It learns from the data by using multiple


algorithms and techniques.

• It is predicated on the notion that computers can


learn from data, spot patterns, and make
judgments with little assistance from humans.
AI VS ML VS DL
TYPES OF ML ALGORITHMS
TYPES OF MLALGORITHMS

There are three categories of Machine Learning


algorithms which are:

• Supervised Learning Algorithms


• Un-Supervised Learning Algorithms
• Reinforcement Learning
SUPERVISED MACHINE
LEARNING
1
SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING

• In supervised learning, the data is already labeled,


which means you know the target variable.

• Using this method of learning, systems can predict


future outcomes based on past data.

• It requires that at least an input and output variable


be given to the model for it to be trained.

• In the next example, the algorithm is trained using


labeled data of shapes.
SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING
SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING

Examples of Supervised learning algorithms are:


• Linear regression
• Logistic regression
• Support vector machines
• Naive Bayes
• Decision tree
UN-SUPERVISED MACHINE
LEARNING
2
UN-SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING

• Unsupervised learning algorithms employ


unlabeled data to discover patterns from the
data on their own.

• The systems are able to identify hidden features


from the input data provided.

• Once the data is more readable, the patterns and


similarities become more evident.
UN-SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING
UN-SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING
UN-SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING

Examples of Unsupervised learning algorithms

• k-means clustering
• hierarchical clustering
• anomaly detection
REINFORCEMENT MACHINE
LEARNING
3
REINFORCEMENT MACHINE LEARNING

• The goal of reinforcement learning is to train an agent


to complete a task within an uncertain environment.

• The agent receives observations and a reward from


the environment and sends actions to the
environment.

• The reward measures how successful action is with


respect to completing the task goal.

• It follows a trial and error method to arrive at desired


destination.
REINFORCEMENT MACHINE LEARNING
REINFORCEMENT MACHINE LEARNING
EXAMPLES OF REINFORCEMENT
MACHINE LEARNING
• Q-learning
• Deep Q-learning Neural Networks.
APPLICATIONS OF TYPES OF ML

Supervised ML Un-supervised ML Reinforcement ML

Weather Customer Building Games


Prediction Segmentation

Sales Forecast Customer Churn Training Robots

Stock Price
Analysis
DEEP LEARNING
DEEP LEARNING

• Deep learning is a subset of machine learning


that deals with algorithms inspired by the
structure and function of the human brain.

• Deep learning algorithms can work with an


enormous amount of both structured and
unstructured data.

• Deep learning’s core concept lies in artificial


neural networks, which enable machines to make
decisions.
DEEP LEARNING

• The major difference between deep learning vs


machine learning is the way data is presented to
the machine.

• Machine learning algorithms usually require


structured data, whereas deep learning networks
work on multiple layers of artificial neural
networks.
DEEP LEARNING

Here is an example of a neural network that uses


large sets of unlabeled data of eye retinas. The
network model is trained on this data to find out
whether or not a person has diabetic retinopathy
How Does Deep Learning Work?
1. Calculate the weighted sums.
2. The calculated sum of weights is passed as input to the activation
function.
3. The activation function takes the “weighted sum of input” as the
input to the function, adds a bias, and decides whether the neuron
should be fired or not.
4. The output layer gives the predicted output.
5. The model output is compared with the actual output. After training
the neural network, the model uses the backpropagation method to
improve the performance of the network. The cost function helps to
reduce the error rate.
TYPES OF DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS

• Convolutional Neural Networks:


CNN is a class of deep neural networks most
commonly used for image analysis. Used in
Computer Vision.

• Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)


RNN uses sequential information to build a model.
It often works better for models that have to
memorize past data.
APPLICATIONS OF DEEP LEARNING

• Cancer tumor detection


• Captionbot for captioning an
image
• Music generation
• Image coloring
• Object detection

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