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EECE477/545: Solutions To Examples in Lecture #3-#4

- The document discusses examples related to digital modulation techniques. - Example 1 calculates the bit rate, bit interval, symbol rate, and symbol interval for a voice signal sampled at 8 kHz with 8-bit quantization and transmitted using QPSK modulation. - Example 2 shows how to design a 4-ary pulse modulation for a given binary sequence and sketches the waveform. - Example 3 compares the bandwidth efficiency of 8-VSB HDTV and GSM modulation schemes.

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35 views

EECE477/545: Solutions To Examples in Lecture #3-#4

- The document discusses examples related to digital modulation techniques. - Example 1 calculates the bit rate, bit interval, symbol rate, and symbol interval for a voice signal sampled at 8 kHz with 8-bit quantization and transmitted using QPSK modulation. - Example 2 shows how to design a 4-ary pulse modulation for a given binary sequence and sketches the waveform. - Example 3 compares the bandwidth efficiency of 8-VSB HDTV and GSM modulation schemes.

Uploaded by

Gule Can
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EECE477/545

Solutions to Examples in Lecture


#3-#4
Important relation
1 1
(1) , (2)
(3) , (4)
(5) 2
s
s
s
b
b
b b s
k
R
T
R k
k
M
R
T
R T
T
= =
= =
=
Example 2.1: a binary sequence is obtained by sampling a voice
signal with 8-bit A/D and sampling rate of 8kHz.
What are bit rate and bit interval?
If QPSK is used for transmission (each symbol represent two bits),
what are M, k? What are symbol rate and symbol interval?
Equation set 2.1
3
3
Solution: 64 kbps,
1
1 sec/bit.
64 10
4, 2.
32 k sps.
1
1 sec/symbol
32 10
b
b b
s b
s s b
R
T R
M k
R R k
T R kT
=
= =

= =
= =
= = =

M-ary pulse modulation block-diagram





Example 2.2: for binary sequence {0,1,1,1,1,
0,0,0,1}, design an M-ary pulse-modulation for
M=4. Sketch waveform.


k-bit
tuple
M-ary Pulse
Modulator
Binary
PCM
sequence
Symbol
Sequence
M-ary
Pulse-modulation
Waveform
M-ary pulse-modulation waveform is also called
M-ary PAM signal
M-ary pulse-modulation also called M-ary PAM
Bandwidth efficiency (Section 2.8.3)
How much date rate can be supported by the system with
each unit frequency band
The higher bandwidth efficiency, the better.




Example 2.3: Compare the bandwidth efficiency of 8-VSB
HDTV and GSM. (1) For 8-VSB HDTV, M=8, W=6MHz,
R
b
=19.4Mbps. (2) For GSM, R
b
=270kbps, W=200 kHz.
Solutions: (1) 19.4/6=3.23 b/s/Hz, (2) 270/200=1.35 b/s/Hz.

bit rate
Bandwidth Efficiency= bits/sec/Hz
Signal bandwdith
b
R
W
=
What is the relationship between signal bandwidth W
and symbol rate R
s
?
We need it in order to compare the bandwidth efficiency of
binary PCM and M-ary PM (M-ary PAM)
Example 2.4: speech signal with 4kHz bandwidth is sampled by an 8-bit A/D
at 8 kHz sampling rate. Bandwidth of binary PCM and M-ary PM signals are
,
B b M s
W R W R o o
-
= =
respectively, where and are binary bit rate and M-ary symbol rate,
is a constant factor. Telephone systems use M=256.
Compare the bandwidth of binary PCM and M-ary PM signals.
b s
R R
o
(Solution: / 8)
B M
W W =
Exercise 4.1. Find signal space representation for
s(t)=A, 0tT.
1 1
0
2 2
0
1 1
1. Find basis ( 1in this case):
1
( ) , 0
2. Calculate component value
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3. Signal space representation
for ( )
T
b
T
b
b
N
t t T
T
a s t t dt A T E
a s t t dt A T E
E s t

=
= s s
= = =
= = =
=
}
}
s
2 2
, 0
for ( ) , 0
b
A t T
E s t A t T
= s s
= = s s s
Verify each step.
Check bit energy.
This is (binary) PAM
Exercise 4.2. Find signal space
representation for
s
1
(t)=cos(2f
c
t),s
2
(t)=sin(2f
c
t),
0tT
s
.
1 2
11 1 1 12
0
21 22 2 2
0
1. Find basis ( 2 in this case): 0
2 2
( ) cos(2 ), ( ) sin(2 ),
2. Calculate component value
( ) ( ) / 2 , 0
0, ( ) ( ) / 2
3
s
s
s
c c
s s
T
s s
T
s s
N t T
t f t t f t
T T
a s t t dt A T E a
a a s t t dt A T E
t t

= s s
= =
= = = =
= = = =
}
}
1 11 12 1
2 21 22 2
. Signal space representation
( , ) ( , 0) for ( )
( , ) (0, ) for ( )
s
s
a a E s t
a a E s t
= =
= =
s
s
Verify each step.
Check bit energy.
Partially PSK

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