INTERTEX

T AND
HYPERTEX
 OBJECTIVES
1 Analyze samples
Define what of hypertext
is hypertext and intertext
and intertext
2 through finding underlying intertextuality
and hypertext
3 Reflect
Use intertextuality in creating
on the importance outputs
of intertextuality
4 and hypertext in improving understanding
meaning.
THE INTERFACE OF TEXT
AND INTERTEXTUALITY
 According to Richard Nordquist, it refers to how
independent texts are interfaced with
another text to produce meaning. Likewise, it
can also be defined as a matrix of meanings
established in other works that provide
points and terms of reference familiar to both
the author and the reader
An intertextual approach to reading plays a
vital role in improving message
transmission and message reception.
 Intertextuality activates your prior
knowledge as you try to determine the
message transmitted through text.
Asuncion David-Maramba, in her book
Philippine Contemporary Literature, offers
seven of these approaches
 DEVELOPMENT
OF
INTERTEXTUALIT
Y
 The main idea of contemporary literary and
cultural theory, intertextuality, has its origins in
20th _ century linguistics, specifically in
Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure
(1857-1913). The term itself was coined by
the Bulgarian-French philosopher and
psychoanalyst Julia Kristeva in the 1960s.
Kristeva proposed a new dimension on reading
texts beyond the author and the reader’s
assignment of meanings. Instead, could
generate meanings from collating of other
readings and materials to the text being read. It
is then the reader makes sense of all these that
intertextuality happens.
Where do we commonly
see intertextuality?
FILM
NEWS PAPER
NEWS PAPER
NEWS PAPER
NEWS PAPER
INTERTEXTUALITY IN
ADVERTISING
 Your knowledge of allusion and
parody could be a helpful tool in your
reading endeavor.
ALLUSION
An Allusion is a brief and indirect reference
to persons, historical, cultural, and political
events, and things with the assumption that
both author and reader have a common
understanding of the alluded reference. In
this manner, the referent as intended by the
author is recognizable to the reader.
 Daniel Chandler said
“Every reading is a writing.”
EXAMPLES OF
ALLUSION
“I was surprised his nose was not growing like
Pinocchio’s.”
'Christy didn't like to spend money. She was no
Scrooge, but she seldom purchased anything
except the bare necessities.’
WHEN AND
HOW
TO USE
INTERTEXTUALITY
THE HOW
How you employ another text in your
work depends on what you want to do
with it. Do you want to pay homage to a
great author like Homer or Shakespeare?
Then try re-staging their stories in a new
setting
THE HOW
If, on the other hand, you want to
spoof those authors, then take
whatever is silly or humorous about
them and exaggerate it in a parody.
THE HOW have you ever tried to
For example,
paint a piece of music? Or write a
story based on a philosophical idea?

Getting inspiration in this way is a

great way to include intertextuality
in your writing or art.
THE WHEN
Your writing and art will be intertextual whether
you want them to be or not. Latent
intertextuality is inescapable! But when should
you employ deliberate intertextuality?
THE WHEN
Creative Writing. It is nice to get
inspiration for stories. You can draw on other
author’s stories and characters, or utilize other
art forms to motivate. Either way, when you
make references to these other works you are
employing intertextuality.
 THE WHEN
Formal Essays. Deliberate intertextuality
is a vital part of the research process. When you
quote a source, you take a little chunk of
someone else’s text and build it into your
argument. You want this intertextuality to be
deliberate-if it’s useless, then that means you’re
not quoting your sources, which is very poor
form in an essay!
HYPERTEXT
DEVELOPMENT OF
HYPERTEXT
 In 1965 the terms hypertext and
hypermedia were coined by Ted Nelson.
In his article titled “Complex information
processing: a file structure for the
complex, the changing and the
indeterminate.”
 In 1992, he wrote:

By now, the word hypertext has become

generally accepted for branching and
responding text. Still, the corresponding name
hypermedia, meaning complexes of branching
and responding graphics, movies and sound -
and text - is much less used. Instead, they use
the strange term interactive multimedia - four
syllables longer, and not expressing the idea
that it extends hypertext.
 What is
hypertext?
 Hyper =Over; beyond, something more than
usual, for example :
Hyper active: a term that is used to describe a
person or a character very
much active, more active
Hypertension: a term to describe high blood
pressure
Text = That is a letter or combination of some
letters to carry /transfer a meaning. Human
being uses text to express ideas and concepts.
It is also used to record and preserve scientific
facts, theories, literature and culture inherent,
to the enjoyment of the present and next
generation.
Hyper +Text = Hypertext
Simply that is something beyond text,
more than simple/plain/ordinary text.
DEFINITIONS OF
HYPERTEXT
 DEFINITIONS OF
HYPERTEXT
Hypertext most often refers to the text on a
computer that will lead the user to other,
related information on demand.
 DEFINITIONS OF
Hypertext represents a relatively recent
HYPERTEXT
innovation to the user interface, which
overcomes some of the written text limitations.
Rather than remaining static like traditional text,
hypertext makes possible a dynamic
organization of information through links and
connections (called a hyperlink).
 DEFINITIONS
Hypertext is simply a OF
non-linear way of
HYPERTEXT
presenting information. Rather than reading or
learning about things in the order that an
author, or editor, or publisher sets out for us,
readers of hypertext may follow their own path,
create their own order-- their own meaning out
the material.
 DEFINITIONS OF
HYPERTEXT
Hypertext is a system of storing images, text,
and other computer files that allows direct links
to related text, images, sound, and other data.
 DEFINITIONS OF
Hypertext is the main basis of operation for the
HYPERTEXT web.
 DEFINITIONS OF
It is an information database or medium that
HYPERTEXT
links verbal and nonverbal information on the
web.
 DEFINITIONS
Hypertext OF
is an information database or medium
that linksHYPERTEXT
verbal and nonverbal information on
the web.
 DEFINITIONS OF
HYPERTEXT
Hypertext links called hyperlinks create a
complex virtual web of connections for users.
 DEFINITIONS OF
Hypertext is accomplished by creating "links"
betweenHYPERTEXT
information. These links are provided
so that readers may "jump" to further
information about a specific topic being
discussed (which may have more links, leading
each reader off in a different direction).
For example, if you are reading an article about
DEFINITIONS
marine OF you may be
mammal bioacoustics,
involved in seeing a picture of a dolphin. Or
you mayHYPERTEXT
want to hear the sound it makes
(~80K). Or you may even be interested in
seeing what a marine mammal sound
"looks like" in a spectrogram. You might
even want to find out more about sounds
made by other animals in the sea, hence
leading you on a completely different, detailed
path.
 USER
In information INTERFACE
technology, the user interface (UI)
is everything designed into an information device.
Which person may interact --including display
screen, keyboard, mouse, light pen, the
appearance of a desktop, illuminated characters,
help messages, and how an application program
or a Web site invites interaction and responds to
it.
BASIC FEATURES OF
HYPERTEXT SYSTEM
 • A Graphical User Interface, or
GUI. This allows users to navigate
through large amounts of data
easily.
• Tools that will enable users to
create and manage nodes and
links.
 • Information Retrieval systems,
allowing users to search for items
based on specified criteria.
• A hypermedia engine that will
contain information about nodes
and
links.
• A storage system such as a file
system or a database system.
 Example of Hypertext

http://www.cyberartsweb.org/cpace/cpace/ht/sy
stems.html
WHY HYPERTEXT?
WHY HYPERTEXT?

In a hypertext system, the reader is free to

navigate information by exploring the
connections provided
WHY HYPERTEXT?

Hypertext is a very different way of presenting

information than the usual linear form.
ADVANTAGES
OF
HYPERTEXT
1. SIMULTANEOUS
2. TIMELESS
 3. MULTIPLE PATHS
OF
INQUIRIES/EXPLORA
TION
 4. INDIVIDUAL
LEARNING
OPPORTUNITIES
5. READER
CONTROL
6. NON-LINEAR
FORMATION
STRUCTURE
7. SOME TEXT IS
SUITED FOR
HYPERTEXT
 8. UPDATING
INFORMATION
9. CRITICAL
THINKING
10. CENTERING
AND
DECENTERING
11. EMBEDDED
TEXT
 12.
ASYNCHRONOUS
COMMUNICATION
TASK: ROMEO SAVE ME

Directions: Watch the music video “Love Story”

by Taylor Swift if you have internet access in
your place, but if you don’t have just read the
lyrics. After watching or reading, answer the
questions that follow.

Process Questions:
1. What is the song all about?
2. What is the theme of the song?
3. What movie can you relate with the song?
TASK: ON THE BOARD?

Prompt: Wonder Bread bakery is a newly opened

bakery shop in the town. Being the manager, you
want to make it popular with the townspeople.
Create an appealing and unique tagline and logo
inspired by any of the character of “Alice in
Wonderland”. Use an oslo paper and any art
materials in making your work.
TASK: ON THE BOARD?

CRITERIA
Content…………………………………….10
Language…………………………….……10
Creativity and Originality.…………...10
Neatness ……………………………………5
Presentation……………………………….5
TOTAL……………………………….……….40