Earthquakes
Uploaded by
isheanesu2222Earthquakes
Uploaded by
isheanesu2222WISETECH COLLEGE
curriculum
F4
GEO
04 JUNE
2025
Focus: UNDERSTANDING VOLCANOES ANDMR
EARTHQUAKES
MANUHWA
Success criteria
Some (A-A*): Explain causes and effects of Earthquakes with the support of a Case
Study . [20min]
Most (B-A) : Describe reasons why some people leave in volcano prone areas.
[20min]
ALL (C-B) : Define an Earthquake.[5min]
Keywords:
Retention Strategies : Visual Aids (pics) , Repetition of key ideas , Peer tutoring ,
Real World Connections , Exit Ticket ( one new thing learnt
& one question )
Reasons why People live close to Volcanic Prone
areas
Ideas such as:
fertile soils/high crop yields/good for farming
geothermal power generation
attract tourists/ tour guides/souvenirs or other examples
resource extraction/or examples e.g. sulphur;
volcanologists can study volcanoes
Explain how the Himalayas were formed as a result
of plate movement.
• Ideas such as:
plates move towards each other
collision zone/convergent boundary;
both are continental plates;
pressure/compression;
no subduction occurs; as rocks are of same density
rocks squeezed
uplift occurs/land rises etc.
Earthquake
• An earthquake is a sudden shaking or vibration in the Earth’s crust.
The vibrations in the form of seismic waves occur when tectonic
energy that has built up over time by plate movement is released
rapidly.
• The crust is divided into sections, called plates, which continually
move in relation to each other and are bordered by faults. When
plates suddenly move past each other, the built-up strain is released
along the fault, and the rock fractures. An earthquake also can be
triggered by molten rock moving up into the chamber of a volcano
before eruption.
Causes of Earthquakes
• Majority of the earth quakes occur along the fracture line, where
slipping and settling down of rock masses takes place.
• When rocks can bear no more stress, breaking with sudden
displacement of the rocks on two sides of the fault takes place. It
produces a blow to the upper rocks on one side of the fault-plane and
to the lower rocks on the other side.
• Humans activities may contribute to the cause of earthquakes through
a variety of activities such as filling new reservoirs, detonating
underground atomic explosives, or pumping fluids deep into the ground
through wells. For example, in 1962 Denver, Colorado, in the United
States began to experience earthquakes
An epi-centre is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the
underground source, or focus, of an earthquake. The impact of
the earthquake is usually strongest near the epi-centre.
A fault line is a crack or fracture in the Earth's surface along which
movement has occurred. It is part of a fault, which is a larger
structure where blocks of the Earth's crust have slipped past each
other due to tectonic forces.
An earthquake shockwave is a type of seismic wave that is
generated when energy is suddenly released in the Earth's crust,
usually along a fault line. These shockwaves travel through the
Earth and cause the shaking and destruction we feel during an
earthquake.
The focus (also called the hypocenter) of an earthquake is the
point inside the Earth where the earthquake begins. It’s the
exact spot where stress is released along a fault line, causing the
ground to rupture and seismic waves (shockwaves) to spread out.
EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES
( Group work)
