TO STUDY THE FACTOR ON WHICH THE SELF
INDECTION OF THE COIL DEPENDS ON OBSERVING
THE EFFECT OF THIS COIL , WHEN PUT IN A SERIES
WITH A RESISTOR/BULB IN A CIRCUIT FED U P WITH
AN AC SOURCE OF ADJUSTABLE FREQUENCY
Project done by
DEVNATH T.
In the academic
y e a r 2023-2024
Guided by
Mr. S. KARTHIKAYEN M.Sc., B.Ed.,
M.Phil.
D E PA R T M E N T OF PHYSICS
T R I N I T Y I N T E R N AT I O N A L
SCHOOL, M O H A N U R R O A D,
NAMAKKAL.
C E RT I F I C AT
E
T h is is t o c e r t i f y t h a t t h e b o n a fi d e
p r o j e c t w o r k e n t i t l e d “TO STUDY THE FACTOR
ON WHICH THE SELF INDECTION OF THE COIL
DEPENDS ON OBSERVING THE EFFECT OF THIS COIL ,
WHEN PUT IN A SERIES WITH A RESISTOR/BULB IN A
CIRCUIT FED UP WITH AN AC SOURCE OF
ADJUSTABLE
FREQUENCY” i n t h e s u b j e c t o f PH YSIC S
h a s d o n e b y D e v n a t h . T o f g r a d e XII
under the guidance
a n d supervision d u r i n g t h e academic
y e a r 2023- 2 0 2 4 a n d submitted to
AISSCE e x a m in a t io n
c onduc ted b y CBSE at
T R I N I T Y I N T E R N AT I O N A L
SCHOOL,
S I G N AT U R E OF T H E N
SIGANM ARK
AT U KA
E OF T HL
E.
TEACHER PRI NC I PA L
S I G N AT U R E OF S I G N AT U R E OF
THE INTERNAL THE EXTERNAL
E XA M I N E R E XA M I N E R
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
My S i n c e r e e ff o r t s h a v e made me to
accomplish the t a s k of comple tin g this
p r o j e c t . I h a v e t a k e n e ff o r t i n t h i s p r o j e c t .
H o w e v e r, i t w o u l d n o t h a v e b e e n possi ble
without the kind support and help
of m a n y individuals.
I would like to express my sincere
gratitude to m y Principal MR. D.
S A M U E L S E E L A N , M.Sc., B.Ed.,
M.Phil., UGC-N E T, and the school for
providing m e facilities r e q u i r e d to d o m y
project.
I am highly indebted to my Physics
Te a c h e r M R . S. K A R T H I K A Y E N M.Sc., B.Ed.,
M.Phil. Fo r his v a l u a b l e g u i d a n c e w h i c h h a s
p r o m o t e d m y e ff o r t s i n a l l t h e s t a g e s o f
this project w o r k . M y sincere t h a n k s a n d
appreciation go to m y classmates a n d friends
f o r th e i r helpful suggestions a n d f e e d b a c k
o n m y r e s e a r c h a n d fi n di n g s .
F i n a l l y, w o r d s a r e n o t s u ff i c i e n t t o e x p r e s s
gratitude m y cherished family members
for supporting me without their
encouragement a n d support I would h a v e
INDEX
AIM
A P PA R A T U S
T H E O RY &
CIRCUIT
DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE
O B S E RVAT I O N
R E S U LT
PRECAUTIONS
SOURCES O F
ERRORS
AIM:-
To study the factor on
which t h e self-i n d u c t a n c e of a
coil depends by observing
the e ff e c t of this coil, w h e n
put in series with a resistor
(bulb) in a circuit f e d u p b y a n
A.C. source of adjustable
f r e q u e n c y.
A P PA R AT U S : -
A coil of large turns, a.c.
source of adjustable
f r e q u e n c y, an electrical bulb,
(6V) a.c. ammeter of suitable
range rheostat, a soft iron
rod, one way k e y, connecting
THEORY:-
Se lf-i n d u c t a n c e i s t h e
property of a
coil w h i c h opposes t h e
c h a n g e i n c u r r e n t t h r o u g h it.
T h e s e l f- i n d u c t a n c e o f a c o i l
( l o n g s o l e n o i d ) is
µ 0 µ𝑟 𝑁2 𝐴
L =
𝑙
W h e r e µ𝑟 = R e l a t i v e m a g n e t i c
permeability of magnetic
material,
µ
µ𝑟
µ0
=
A = A r e a of cross section
of
solenoid l = length of
s o l e n o i d H e n c e , t h e s e l f-
inductance depends
u p 1.
onN: o. of turns (N) , L α N ²
𝟏
2. G e o m e t r y o f c o i l , L α A , L
𝒍
α --
3. N a t u r e of c o r e m a t e r i a l ,
L α µ
When an inductor is
connected in series with a
resistor (bulb) with a
variable source of
y𝑟𝑚
f r e q u e n c� =t 𝐸h𝑟𝑚
𝑠�
𝑠
, en current
fl o w i n g i�n t h e b�u l b is
W h e r e Z = 𝑅2 + 𝜔2 𝐿2 =
Impedance of the
a.c. circuit. H e r e
R = Resistance of the bulb
L = Self-i n d u c t a n c e o f c o i l
𝜔 = 2πf = A n g u l a r f r e q u e n c y
of a.c. source.
T h e b r i g h t n e s s o f b u l b i.e.,
H e a t generated in the
H = 𝐼2
b u l b is
𝑟𝑚𝑠
Zt
𝐻
� 𝐼𝑟𝑚s
2
P =
= �
Z
P =
I 𝑅 𝜔 𝐿2
+
2 2
rms
CIRCUIT
DIAGRAM:-
PROCEDURE:-
1. M a k e a l l c o n n e c t i o n s a s
shown in the circuit
diagram.
2. S w i t c h o n t h e a . c . s u p p l y &
adjust the c u r r e n t in the
circuit b y using the variable
resistor
(𝑅 ℎ ).
3.R e c o r d t h e c u r r e n t i n
a.c. a m m e t e r & see t h e
brightness of bulb.
4.N o w , p u t t h e s o f t i r o n
rod inside the conductor
core & record the current
in a.c. a m m e t e r & a g a i n
check the brightness of
bulb. T h e c u r re n t &
brightness both decreases.
5.N o w , s w i t c h o ff t h e s u p p l y
& decrease the frequency of
6. A g a i n s w i t c h o n t h e s u p p l y
&
adjust the current in circuit
at same constant voltage 6V
b y using the rheostat. N o t e
the current in a m m e t e r &
brightness of bulb. The
current & brightness both
will increase.
7.A g a i n i n s e r t t h e i r o n r o d
in the c o r e of coil & n o te t h e
current & brightness. The
current & brightness both
8.eRc er e
d p ae saet s t. h e s t e p s 5 , 6 a n d 7
for
d i ff e r e n t f r e q u e n c y o f a . c .
source.
O B S E R VAT I O N S
:-
1. L e a s t c o u n t o f a m m e t e r =
0.05 A.
2. Z e r o e r r o r o f a m m e t e r = 0
A.
S. Frequenc C u r r e n t C u r r e n t in
NO y in
ammeter
of ammeter
with
applied withou
iron
voltage t iron
rod in
(Hz) rod in
coil ( A ) coil
(A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4
R E S U LT : -
1. T h e c u r r e n t i n t h e c i r c u i t
decrease on inserting the
iron
r o d in the c o r e of coil a t
constant frequency of
applied voltage &
brightness of bulb decreases
& vice-versa.
2.T h e c u r r e n t i n t h e
circuit increases on
decreasing the frequency
of applied voltage & vice-
versa. Therefore, the
brightness of bulb
increases.
PRECAUTIONS:-
1. T h e coil should have
large
n u m b e r of turns.
2.C u r r e n t should be
passed for a small time to
a v o i d t h e h e a t i n g e ff e c t .
SOURCES
OF
ERRORS:-
3.T h e resistance of
circuit may increase
slightly due to heating
e ff e c t o f c u r r e n t .
4.T h e r e may be eddy
BIBLOGRAPHY
GOOGLE.COM
MICROSOFTEDGE.C
OM
BING.COM
N E C RT BOOK.
