INTRODUCTION TO PHP

PHP INTRODUCTION

PHP is a recursive acronym for “PHP: Hypertext

Preprocessor” -- It is a widely-used open source
general-purpose scripting language that is
especially suited for web development and can be
embedded into HTML.
PHP INTRODUCTION

> PHP is a server-side scripting language

> PHP scripts are executed on the server

> PHP supports many databases (MySQL, Informix,

Oracle, Sybase, Solid, PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC,

etc.)
> PHP is open source software

> PHP is free to download and use

PHP INTRODUCTION

> PHP runs on different platforms (Windows, Linux,

Unix, etc.)
> PHP is compatible with almost all servers used

today (Apache, IIS, etc.)

> PHP is FREE to download from the official PHP

resource: www.php.net
> PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the

server side
PHP INTRODUCTION
Some info on MySQL which we will cover in the next
workshop...

> MySQL is a database server

> MySQL is ideal for both small and large

applications
> MySQL supports standard SQL

> MySQL compiles on a number of platforms

> MySQL is free to download and use

 PHP INTRODUCTION

Instead of lots of commands to output HTML (as

seen in C or Perl), PHP pages contain HTML with
embedded code that does "something" (like in the
next slide, it outputs "Hi, I'm a PHP script!").

The PHP code is enclosed in special start and end

processing instructions <?php and ?> that allow
you to jump into and out of "PHP mode."
PHP INTRODUCTION
 PHP INTRODUCTION

PHP code is executed on the server, generating

HTML which is then sent to the client. The client
would receive the results of running that script, but
would not know what the underlying code was.

A visual, if you please...

PHP INTRODUCTION
 PHP GETTING STARTED

On windows, you can download and install WAMP.

With one installation and you get an Apache
webserver, database server and php.
http://www.wampserver.com

On mac, you can download and install MAMP.

http://www.mamp.info/en/index.html
PHP HELLO WORLD

Above is the PHP source code.

PHP HELLO WORLD

It renders as HTML that looks like this:

 PHP HELLO WORLD

This program is extremely simple and you really did

not need to use PHP to create a page like this. All it
does is display: Hello World using the PHP echo()
statement.

Think of this as a normal HTML file which happens

to have a set of special tags available to you that do
a lot of interesting things.
 PHP COMMENTS

In PHP, we use // to make

a single-line comment
or /* and */ to make a
large comment block.
PHP VARIABLES
> Variables are used for storing values, like text
strings, numbers or arrays.
> When a variable is declared, it can be used over

and over again in your script.

> All variables in PHP start with a $ sign symbol.

> The correct way of declaring a variable in PHP:

PHP VARIABLES

> In PHP, a variable does not need to be declared

before adding a value to it.
> In the example above, you see that you do not

have to tell PHP which data type the variable is.

> PHP automatically converts the variable to the

correct data type, depending on its value.

PHP VARIABLES

> A variable name must start with a letter or an

underscore "_" -- not a number
> A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric

characters, underscores (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, and _ )

> A variable name should not contain spaces. If a

variable name is more than one word, it should be

separated with an underscore ($my_string) or with
capitalization ($myString)
PHP CONCATENATION
> The concatenation operator (.) is used to put two
string values together.
> To concatenate two string variables together, use

the concatenation operator:

 PHP CONCATENATION

The output of the code on the last slide will be:

Ifwe look at the code you see that we used the

concatenation operator two times. This is because
we had to insert a third string (a space character), to
separate the two strings.
 PHP OPERATORS

Operators are used to operate on values. There are

four classifications of operators:

 > Arithmetic
 > Assignment
 > Comparison
 > Logical
PHP OPERATORS
PHP OPERATORS
PHP OPERATORS
PHP OPERATORS
PHP CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

> Very often when you write code, you want to

perform different actions for different decisions.
> You can use conditional statements in your code

to do this.
> In PHP we have the following conditional

statements...
PHP CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
> if statement - use this statement to execute
some code only if a specified condition is true
> if...else statement - use this statement to

execute some code if a condition is true and another

code if the condition is false
> if...elseif....else statement - use this statement

to select one of several blocks of code to be

executed
> switch statement - use this statement to select

one of many blocks of code to be executed

 PHP CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
Thefollowing example will output "Have a nice
weekend!" if the current day is Friday:
 PHP CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
Use the if....else statement to execute some code
if a condition is true and another code if a condition
is false.
 PHP CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

Ifmore than one line

should be executed if a
condition is true/false,
the lines should be
enclosed within curly
braces { }
 PHP CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

The following example

will output "Have a nice
weekend!" if the current
day is Friday, and "Have
a nice Sunday!" if the
current day is Sunday.
Otherwise it will output
"Have a nice day!":
 PHP CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
Use the switch statement to select one of many
blocks of code to be executed.
PHP CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
Forswitches, first we have a single expression n
(most often a variable), that is evaluated once.

The value of the expression is then compared with

the values for each case in the structure. If there is a
match, the block of code associated with that case is
executed.

Use break to prevent the code from running into

the next case automatically. The default statement
is used if no match is found.
PHP CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
PHP ARRAYS

> An array variable is a storage area holding a

number or text. The problem is, a variable will hold
only one value.
> An array is a special variable, which can store

multiple values in one single variable.

 PHP ARRAYS
Ifyou have a list of items (a list of car names, for
example), storing the cars in single variables could
look like this:
PHP ARRAYS
> However, what if you want to loop through the
cars and find a specific one? And what if you had not
3 cars, but 300?
> The best solution here is to use an array.

> An array can hold all your variable values under a

single name. And you can access the values by

referring to the array name.
> Each element in the array has its own index so

that it can be easily accessed.

PHP ARRAYS
 In PHP, there are three kind of arrays:
 > Numeric array - An array with a numeric index

 > Associative array - An array where each ID key

is associated with a value

 > Multidimensional array - An array containing

one or more arrays

PHP NUMERIC ARRAYS

> A numeric array stores each array element with a

numeric index.
> There are two methods to create a numeric array.
 PHP NUMERIC ARRAYS
In the following example the index is automatically
assigned (the index starts at 0):

In
the following example we assign the index
manually:
PHP NUMERIC ARRAYS
In the following example you access the variable
values by referring to the array name and index:

The code above will output:

PHP ASSOCIATIVE ARRAYS

> With an associative array, each ID key is

associated with a value.
> When storing data about specific named values,

a numerical array is not always the best way to do it.

> With associative arrays we can use the values as

keys and assign values to them.

 PHP ASSOCIATIVE ARRAYS
In this example we use an array to assign ages to
the different persons:

Thisexample is the same as the one above, but

shows a different way of creating the array:
PHP ASSOCIATIVE ARRAYS
 PHP MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAYS

Ina multidimensional array, each element in the

main array can also be an array.

And each element in the sub-array can be an array,

and so on.
PHP MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAYS
PHP MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAYS
PHP MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAYS
PHP LOOPS

> Often when you write code, you want the same
block of code to run over and over again in a row.
Instead of adding several almost equal lines in a
script we can use loops to perform a task like this.
> In PHP, we have the following looping

statements:
PHP LOOPS

> while - loops through a block of code while a

specified condition is true
> do...while - loops through a block of code once,

and then repeats the loop as long as a specified

condition is true
> for - loops through a block of code a specified

number of times
> foreach - loops through a block of code for each

element in an array
PHP LOOPS - WHILE
The while loop executes a block of code while a
condition is true. The example below defines a loop
that starts with
i=1. The loop will

continue to run as

long as i is less

than, or equal to 5.

i will increase by 1

each time the loop

runs:
PHP LOOPS - WHILE
 PHP LOOPS – DO ... WHILE

The do...while statement will always execute the

block of code once, it will then check the condition,
and repeat the loop while the condition is true.

The next example defines a loop that starts with

i=1. It will then increment i with 1, and write some
output. Then the condition is checked, and the loop
will continue to run as long as i is less than, or equal
to 5:
PHP LOOPS – DO ... WHILE
PHP LOOPS – DO ... WHILE
PHP LOOPS - FOR
PHP LOOPS - FOR
 Parameters:
 > init: Mostly used to set a counter (but can be

any code to be executed once at the beginning of

the loop)
 > condition: Evaluated for each loop iteration. If it

evaluates to TRUE, the loop continues. If it

evaluates to FALSE, the loop ends.
 > increment: Mostly used to increment a counter

(but can be any code to be executed at the end of

the loop)
 PHP LOOPS - FOR
The example below defines a loop that starts with
i=1. The loop will continue to run as long as i is less
than, or equal to 5. i will increase by 1 each time the
loop runs:
PHP LOOPS - FOR
 PHP LOOPS - FOREACH

For every loop iteration, the value of the current

array element is assigned to $value (and the array
pointer is moved by one) - so on the next loop
iteration, you'll be looking at the next array value.
 PHP LOOPS - FOREACH
The following example demonstrates a loop that
will print the values of the given array:
PHP LOOPS - FOREACH

Winner of the most impressive slide award

PHP FUNCTIONS
> We will now explore how to create your own
functions.
> To keep the script from being executed when the

page loads, you can put it into a function.

> A function will be executed by a call to the

function.
> You may call a function from anywhere within a

page.
 PHP FUNCTIONS

A function will be executed by a call to the function.

> Give the function a name that reflects what the

function does
> The function name can start with a letter or

underscore (not a number)

 PHP FUNCTIONS
A simple function that writes a name when it is
called:
PHP FUNCTIONS - PARAMETERS

 Adding parameters...
 > To add more functionality to a function, we can

add parameters. A parameter is just like a variable.

 > Parameters are specified after the function

name, inside the parentheses.

PHP FUNCTIONS - PARAMETERS
PHP FUNCTIONS - PARAMETERS
PHP FUNCTIONS - PARAMETERS

This example adds

different punctuation.
PHP FUNCTIONS - PARAMETERS
PHP FORMS - $_GET FUNCTION

> The built-in $_GET function is used to collect

values from a form sent with method="get".
> Information sent from a form with the GET

method is visible to everyone (it will be displayed in

the browser's address bar) and has limits on the
amount of information to send.
PHP FORMS - $_GET FUNCTION

Notice how the URL carries the information after the file name.
 PHP FORMS - $_GET FUNCTION

The "welcome.php" file can now use the $_GET

function to collect form data (the names of the form
fields will automatically be the keys in the $_GET
array)
PHP FORMS - $_GET FUNCTION
> When using method="get" in HTML forms, all
variable names and values are displayed in the
URL.
> This method should not be used when sending

passwords or other sensitive information!

> However, because the variables are displayed

in the URL, it is possible to bookmark the page.

This can be useful in some cases.
> The get method is not suitable for large variable

values; the value cannot exceed 100 chars.

PHP FORMS - $_POST FUNCTION
> The built-in $_POST function is used to collect
values from a form sent with method="post".
> Information sent from a form with the POST

method is invisible to others and has no limits on the

amount of information to send.
> Note: However, there is an 8 Mb max size for the

POST method, by default (can be changed by setting

the post_max_size in the php.ini file).
PHP FORMS - $_POST FUNCTION

And here is what the code of action.php might look like:

 PHP FORMS - $_POST FUNCTION

Apart from htmlspecialchars() and (int), it should

be obvious what this does. htmlspecialchars()
makes sure any characters that are special in html
are properly encoded so people can't inject HTML
tags or Javascript into your page.

For the age field, since we know it is a number, we

can just convert it to an integer which will
automatically get rid of any stray characters. The
$_POST['name'] and $_POST['age'] variables are
automatically set for you by PHP.
PHP FORMS - $_POST FUNCTION
 When to use method="post"?
 > Information sent from a form with the POST

method is invisible to others and has no limits on

the amount of information to send.
 > However, because the variables are not

displayed in the URL, it is not possible to bookmark

the page.
PHP - FILE INCLUSION
 PHP allows us to create various elements and functions,
which are used several times in many pages.
 PHP allows you to include file so that a page content can
be reused many times.
 It is very helpful to include files when you want to apply
the same HTML or PHP code to multiple pages of a
website.
 There are two ways to include file in PHP.
 Include
 Require
 Both include and require are identical to each other,
except failure.
 include only generates a warning, i.e., E_WARNING, and
continue the execution of the script.
 require generates a fatal error, i.e., E_COMPILE_ERROR,
and stop the execution of the script.
ADVANTAGES OF FILE INCLUSION
 Code Reusability: By the help of include
and require construct, we can reuse HTML
code or PHP script in many PHP scripts.
 Easy editable: If we want to change
anything in webpages, edit the source file
included in all webpage rather than editing
in all the files separately.
PHP INCLUDE
 PHP include is used to include a file on
the basis of given path.
 Syntax
 There are two syntaxes available for
include:
 include 'filename '; Or
 include ('filename');
 Examples
 Let's see a simple PHP include example.
 File: menu.html
 <a href="http://
www.javatpoint.com">Home</a>
 <a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/php-
tutorial">PHP</a>
 <a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/java-
tutorial">Java</a> |
 <a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/html-
tutorial">HTML</a>
 File: include1.php
 <?php include("menu.html"); ?>
 <h1>This is Main Page</h1>
PHP REQUIRE
 PHP require is similar to include, which is also
used to include files. The only difference is that it
stops the execution of script if the file is not
found whereas include doesn't.
 Syntax
 There are two syntaxes available for require:
 require 'filename'; Or
 require ('filename');
EXAMPLES
 Let's see a simple PHP require example.
 File: menu.html
 <a href="http://www.javatpoint.com">Home</a>
 <a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/php-
tutorial">PHP</a> |
 <a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/java-
tutorial">Java</a> |
 <a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/html-
tutorial">HTML</a>
 File: require1.php
 <?php require("menu.html"); ?>
 <h1>This is Main Page</h1>
PHP AND MYSQL
 MySQL is a relational database management
system based on the Structured Query Language,
which is the popular language for accessing and
managing the records in the database.
 It is open-source database software, which is

supported by Oracle Company.

 It is fast, scalable, and easy to use database

management system in comparison with Microsoft

SQL Server and Oracle Database.
 MySQL supports many operating systems with

many languages like PHP, PERL, C, C++, JAVA, etc.

 MySQL is very friendly with PHP, the most popular

language for web development.

BASIC DATABASE SERVER
CONCEPTS

Database runs as a server
 Attaches to either a default port or an administrator
specified port

Clients connect to database
 For secure systems

authenticated connections

usernames and passwords

Clients make queries on the database
 Retrieve content
 Insert content

SQL (Structured Query Language) is the language used
to insert and retrieve content
PHP MYSQL CONNECTION
 PHP provides mysqli_connect() function to
open a database connection.
 This function takes three parameters and

returns a MySQL link identifier on success or

FALSE on failure.
 There are some MySQL functions for database

connectivity such as
 mysqli_connection()
 mysqli_select_db()
 mysqli_query()
 mysqli_result()
 mysqli_close()
PHP MYSQLI_CONNECTION()
FUNCTION:
 PHP mysqli_connect() function is used to connect
with MySQL database.
 It returns resource if connection is established or
null.
 Syntax of mysql_connection
 connection mysqli_connect(server, user, password);
 server:
 Optional - The host name running database server. If
not specified then default value is localhost:3306.
 User:
 Optional - The username accessing the database. If
not specified then default is the name of the user that
owns the server process.
 password :
 Optional - The password of the user accessing the
database. If not specified then default is an empty
password.
PHP MYSQLI_SELECT_DB()
FUNCTION:
 The mysqli_select_db() function sets the active
MySQL database.
 This function returns TRUE on success, or FALSE
on failure.
 mysqli_create_db() function attempts to create a
new database on the server associated with the
specified link identifier.
 The mysqli_select_db() function is used to change
the default database for the connection.
 Syntax of mysqli_select_db() function
 mysqli_select_db(connection, name)
 connection :Required. Specifies the MySQL
connection to use
 name :Required. Specifies the database name
PHP MYSQL_QUERY() FUNCTION:
 mysqli_query() Function performs a query against a
database.
 This function selects a database and executes a query
on it.
 If the optional link identifier isn't specified, the
function will try to find an open link to the MySQL
server and if no such link is found it'll try to create one
as if mysqli_connect() was called with no arguments.
 The mysqli_query() sends a query to the currently
active database on the server that's associated with
the specified link identifier.
 This function returns a resource identifier or FALSE if
the query was not executed correctly.
 Syntax of mysqli_query() function
 mysqli_query(database connection, Sql query);
 Example:
 $conn = mysqli_connect($host, $user, $pass,$dbname);
 $sql = "CREATE DATABASE myDb";
 mysqli_query($conn, $sql);
PHP MYSQL_RESULT() FUNCTION:
 The mysqli_result() returns the contents of one
cell from a MySQL result set.
 Syntax of mysqli_result() function
 mysqli_result ($result , $row , $field);
 result: The result resource that is being
evaluated. This result comes from a call to
mysqli_query().
 row :The row number from the result that's
being retrieved. Row numbers start at 0.
 field: The name or offset of the field being
retrieved.
 MYSQL_CLOSE() Function
 syntax
 mysqli_close()
 This function used to disconnect Mysql
database
 EXAMPLE: CONNECT TO A
DBMS AND ACCESS DATABASE
<?php
$dbLocalhost = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "")
or die("Could not connect: " . mysqli_error());
mysqli_select_db(“student", $dbLocalhost)
or die("Could not find database: " . mysql_error());
echo "<h1>Connected To Database</h1>";
?>
• die() stops execution of script if the database connection
attempt failed.
• mysqli_error() returns an error message from the previous

MYSQL operation.
 READING FROM A
DATABASE
• We can now send an SQL query to
the database to retrieve some data
records.

resourceRecords = mysqli_query(query, resourceId);

• the resourceId is the one returned by mysqli_connect()

• the function returns a resource identifier to the returned data.
 EXAMPLE: CONNECT TO A
DBMS, ACCESS DATABASE,
<?php SEND QUERY
$dbLocalhost = mysql_connect("localhost", "root", "")
or die("Could not connect: " . mysql_error());
mysql_select_db(“student", $dbLocalhost)
or die("Could not find database: " . mysql_error());
$dbRecords = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM stud", $dbLocalhost)
or die("Problem reading table: " . mysql_error());
echo "<h1>Connected To Database</h1>";
?>
• the function will return a resource pointer (not the actual
data) to all the records that match the query.
• If all goes well, this script will output nothing on screen.
 EXTRACT CONTENTS OF ONE
RECORD
• We can now extract the actual
data from the resource pointer
returned by mysql_query().

fieldData= mysql_result(resourceRecords, row, field);

• the resourceRecords is the one returned by mysql_query()

• field – database field to return

• the function returns the data stored in the field.

field
 EXAMPLE: CONNECT TO A
DBMS, ACCESS DATABASE,
<?php SEND QUERY
$dbLocalhost = mysql_connect("localhost", "root", "")
or die("Could not connect: " . mysql_error());
mysql_select_db(“student", $dbLocalhost)
or die("Could not find database: " . mysql_error());
$dbRecords = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM stud", $dbLocalhost)
or die("Problem reading table: " . mysql_error());
$strSurname = mysql_result($dbRecords, 0, "Surname");
echo "<p>$strSurname</p>";
?>
• the function will return a resource pointer (not the actual
data) to all the records that match the query.
• If all goes well, this script will output a surname on screen.
 SQL STATEMENT

SELECT * FROM stud

• Go and obtain from the database

• every field

• FROM the

• stud table
 SEPARATING THE DATABASE
CONNECTION

It is worth separating the database

connectivity from our scripts and
placing it in a separate file.

It provides a convenient means of moving your scripts from

•

one database platform to another.

 EXAMPLE: SEPARATING THE
DATABASE CONNECTION
<?php
// File: database2.php
$strLocation = “Adama";
//$strLocation = “Addis Ababa";
if ($strLocation == "Home") {
$dbLocalhost = mysql_connect("localhost", "root", "")
or die("Could not connect: " . mysql_error());
mysql_select_db(“student1",
student1 $dbLocalhost)
or die("Could not find database: " . mysql_error());
} else {
$dbLocalhost = mysql_connect("localhost", "username", "password")
or die("Could not connect: " . mysql_error());

mysql_select_db("student2",
student2 $dbLocalhost)
or die("Could not find database: " . mysql_error());
}
?>

• $strLocation could be easily switched between ‘Adama’ or ‘Addis Ababa’

 VIEWING A WHOLE RECORD
To view the whole record returned
from mysql_query(), we need
another function...

array = mysql_fetch_row(resourceRecords)

• resourceRecords – resource identifier returned from

mysql_query().
• it returns an array containing the database record.
 EXAMPLE: DISPLAYING ALL STUD
RECORDS
<?php

require_once("database2.php");

$dbRecords = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM stud", $dbLocalhost)

or die("Problem reading table: " . mysql_error());

while ($arrRecord = mysql_fetch_row($dbRecords))

mysql_fetch_row {
echo "<p>" . $arrRecord[0] . " ";
echo $arrRecord[1] . " ";
echo $arrRecord[2] . " ";
echo $arrRecord[3] . "</p>";
}
?>
• The function returns false when the last record is returned; thus, stopping
the loop.
 LIMITING THE RECORDS
RETURNED
SELECT Surname FROM stud

• Retrieves only the Surname field from the table stud

SELECT * FROM stud LIMIT 3,4

• Select a certain number of records form a table

• 3 is the starting row

• 4 is the number of records to be selected after the starting

row
 SEARCHING FOR MATCHING
RECORDS
SELECT * FROM stud WHERE sex=‘F’

•The WHERE attribute specifies what to search for within the

database records.
• in this example, only records which have a title of ‘Mr’ will be

returned.
 SEARCHING FOR MATCHING
RECORDS
SELECT * FROM stud WHERE sex=‘F’
OR sex=‘M’
•The WHERE attribute specifies what to search for within the
database records.
• in this example, only records which have a title of ‘F’ or ‘M’

will be returned.
• we can also use AND and OR to formulate more

sophisticated conditions.
•
 SEARCHING FOR MATCHING
RECORDS
SELECT * FROM stud WHERE sex=‘F’
AND Surname=‘Chala’ OR sex=‘M’

•The WHERE attribute specifies what to search for within the

database records.
• in this example, only records which have a surname of ‘Chala

and sex of ‘F’ or the sex of ‘M’ will be returned.

• we can also use AND and OR to formulate more

sophisticated conditions.
•
 SORTING RECORDS
The ORDER BY attribute can be used to
sort the order in which records are
obtained.
SELECT * FROM stud ORDER BY Surname DESC

•the ORDER BY attribute is followed by the data field on which

to sort the record

• DESC or ASC – from high to low, or from low to high

Example15-12.php
 ACCESSING MULTIPLE
<?php
TABLES
// File: example15-13.php

require_once("database2.php");

$dbRecords = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM stud WHERE sex = 'M'", $dbLocalhost)

or die("Problem reading table: " . mysql_error());

echo "<p>Students:</p>";
while ($arrRecords = mysql_fetch_array($dbRecords)) {
echo "<p>" . $arrRecords["Id"] . " ";
echo $arrRecords[“sex"] . " ";
echo $arrRecords["Surname"] . " ";
echo $arrRecords["Firstname"] . "</p>";
}

//...continued...

Example15-13.php
 ACCESSING MULTIPLE
TABLES
//continuation...

$dbRecords = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM course WHERE title= 'Web'", $dbLocalhost)

or die("Problem reading table: " . mysql_error());

echo "<p>Products:</p>";
while ($arrRecords = mysql_fetch_array($dbRecords)) {
echo "<p>" . $arrRecords["Id"] . " ";
echo $arrRecords[“title"] . " ";
echo $arrRecords["Description"] . " ";
echo $arrRecords[“credithr"] . " ";
echo $arrRecords[“prerequest"] . "</p>";
}
?>

Example15-13.php
 INSERTING RECORDS
How to create new database records
and insert them into a table?
INSERT INTO table (field1, field2,...) VALUES (‘value1’, ‘value2’,...)

• Alternatively, we have a simplified syntax:

INSERT INTO table VALUES (‘value1’, ‘value2’,...)

$dbProdRecords = mysql_query("INSERT INTO course

VALUES ( ‘Web Prog.', ‘Thought for grad class stud', ‘4',
‘Advanced Prog.')", $dbLocalhost)

Example15-15.php
 INSERTING RECORDS
<?php
// File: example15-15.php

require_once("database2.php");

$dbcourseRecords = mysql_query("INSERT INTO course VALUES ( ‘Web Prog.',

‘Thought for grad class stud', ‘4', ‘Advanced Prog.')", $dbLocalhost)
or die("Problem writing to table: " . mysql_error());

$dbcourseRecords = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM products", $dbLocalhost)

or die("Problem reading table: " . mysql_error());

while ($arrcourseRecords = mysql_fetch_array($dbcourseRecords)) {

echo "<p>" . $arrcourseRecords [“title"] . " ";
echo $arrcourseRecords ["Description"] . " ";
echo $arrcourseRecords [“credithr"] . " ";
echo $arrcourseRecords [“prerequest"] . "</p>";
}
?>
Example15-14.php
Example15-15.php
 DELETING RECORDS
How to delete database records from
tables?
DELETE FROM table WHERE field=‘value’

e.g.

$dbCustRecords = mysql_query("DELETE FROM stud

WHERE Id='3'", $dbLocalhost)

Note: If you have a relational database, you should tidy-up the other tables, based on
their connection with the record you’ve deleted.
 DELETING RECORDS
How to delete database records from
tables?
DELETE FROM table

This will delete all records from a table!

Note: back-up your database first!

 UPDATING RECORDS
How to modify the contents of an
existing database record?
UPDATE table SET field=‘value1’, field=‘value2’...WHERE
field=‘value’
•requires you to specify the table, the list of fields with their
updated values, and a condition for selection (WHERE).

Example15-18.php
 UPDATING RECORDS
<?php

require_once("database2.php");

$dbCustRecords = mysql_query("UPDATE products SET Description='250 ml Tall

Glass' WHERE Id='6'", $dbLocalhost)
or die("Problem updating table: " . mysql_error());

$dbProdRecords = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM products", $dbLocalhost)

or die("Problem reading table: " . mysql_error());

while ($arrProdRecords = mysql_fetch_array($dbProdRecords)) {

echo "<p>" . $arrProdRecords["Id"] . " ";
echo $arrProdRecords["Name"] . " ";
echo $arrProdRecords["Description"] . " ";
echo $arrProdRecords["Quantity"] . " ";
echo $arrProdRecords["Cost"] . "</p>";
}
?>
Example15-14.php
Example15-18.php
 UPDATING RECORDS
How to modify the contents of an
existing database record?
UPDATE table SET field=‘value1’, field=‘value2’...WHERE
field=‘value’

Another Example:
$dbCustRecords = mysql_query("UPDATE products SET Name='Beer
and Lager Glass' WHERE Name='Beer Glass'", $dbLocalhost)

• A number of records will be updated in this example.

Example15-19.php
 COUNTING THE NUMBER OF
RECORDS
How to count the number of records
after running a query?
$dbProdRecords = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM products",
$dbLocalhost)
or die("Problem reading table: " . mysql_error());

$intProductCount = mysql_num_rows($dbProdRecords);

•you can also use the same function to determine if a record

exists.
Example15-20.php
Example15-21.php
END OF CHAPTER 4

I Thank you