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week4 lec1

The lecture focuses on Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and the concept of virtualization, explaining its architecture and types. It details how virtualization abstracts physical resources and discusses various levels of abstraction, including machine, OS, and library levels. Additionally, it covers different virtualization techniques, such as full and para-virtualization, and the role of Virtual Machine Monitors (VMMs) in providing virtualization.

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2 views26 pages

week4 lec1

The lecture focuses on Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and the concept of virtualization, explaining its architecture and types. It details how virtualization abstracts physical resources and discusses various levels of abstraction, including machine, OS, and library levels. Additionally, it covers different virtualization techniques, such as full and para-virtualization, and the role of Virtual Machine Monitors (VMMs) in providing virtualization.

Uploaded by

Zain Awan 226
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Lahore Garrison University


Cloud Computing
Week-4 Lecture-1
2
Overview of previous lecture

 Why do we need IaaS ?


 How IaaS meets cloud properties ?

Lahore Garrison University


3
Preamble of each lecture

 Virtualization?
 Virtualization Types ?

Lahore Garrison University


4
Lecture Outcomes

 Understanding related
 IaaS Architecture

Lahore Garrison University


Virtualization

ENABLING TECHNIQUES
IaaS Architecture
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) delivers computer infrastructure
for cloud user, typically a platform virtualization environment as a
service.
• Virtualization is an enabling technique to provide an abstraction of
logical resources away from underlying physical resources.
Virtualization Overview
• What is virtualization ?
 Virtualization is the creation of a virtual (rather than physical)
version of something, such as an operating system, a server, a
storage device or network resources.
 It hides the physical characteristics of a resource from users,
instead showing another abstract resource.

• But, where does virtualization come from ?


 Virtualization is NOT a new idea of computer science.
 Virtualization concept comes from the component abstraction of
system design, and it has been adapted in many system level.
 Now, let’s take a look of our original system architecture !!
Virtualization Overview
• System abstraction :
 Computer systems are built on
levels of abstraction.
 Higher level of abstraction
hide details at lower levels.
 Designer of each abstraction
level make use of the functions
supported from its lower
level, and provide another
abstraction to its higher one.

 Example
• files are an abstraction of a disk
Virtualization Overview
• Machine level abstraction :
 For OS developers, a machine
is defined by ISA
(Instruction Set
Architecture).
 This is the major division
between hardware and
software.

 Examples :
• X86
• ARM (Advanced RISC
Machine)

• MIPS( Microprocessor without


Interlocked Pipeline Stages)
Virtualization Overview
• OS level abstraction :
 For compiler or library
developers, a machine is
defined by ABI (Application
Binary Interface).
 This define the basic OS
interface which may be used
by libraries or user.

 Examples :
• User ISA
• OS system call
Virtualization Overview
• Library level abstraction :
 For application developers, a
machine is defined by API
(Application Programming
Interface).
 This abstraction provides the
well-rounded
functionalities.

 Examples :
• User ISA
• Standard C library
• Graphical library
Virtualization
• The concept of virtualization is everywhere !! Overview
 In IaaS, we focus the virtualization granularity at each physical
hardware device.
• General virtualization implementation level :
 Virtualized instance
• Software virtualized hardware instance
 Virtualization layer
• Software virtualization implementation
 Abstraction layer
• Various types of hardware access interface
 Physical hardware
• Various types of infrastructure resources
• Different physical resources :
 Server, Storage and Network
Terminology & Taxonomy

VIRTUALIZATION
Virtual Machine
• What is Virtual Machine (VM)?
 VM is a software implementation of a machine (i.e. a computer)
that executes programs like a real machine.

• Terminology :
 Host (Target)
• The primary environment where
will be the target of virtualization.
 Guest (Source)
• The virtualized environment where
will be the source of virtualization.
Emulation vs. Virtualization
• Emulation technique
 Simulate an independent environment where guest ISA and
host ISA are different.
 Example
• Emulate x86 architecture on ARM platform.

• Virtualization technique
 Simulate an independent environment where guest ISA and
host ISA are the same.
 Example
• Virtualize x86 architecture to multiple instances.
Process Virtual Machine
• Process virtual machine
 Usually execute guest applications with an ISA different from host
 Couple at ABI(Application Binary Interface) level via runtime system
System Virtual Machine
• System virtual machine
 Provide the entire operating system on same or different host ISA
 Constructed at ISA level
Taxonomy

System Virtual Machine Process Virtual Machine


Emulation Transmeta Crusoe Multi-processing system
( Emulate x86 on VLIW cpu )
Virtualization XEN, KVM, VMWare JVM, Microsoft CLI
( x86 virtualization software ) ( High level language virtualization )
Virtual Machine Monitor

• What’s Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) ?


 VMM or Hypervisor is the software layer providing the virtualization.

VM1 VM2 VM3


• System architecture :
Virtualization Types
• Virtualization Types :
 Type 1 – Bare metal
• VMMs run directly on the host's hardware as a hardware control and
guest operating system monitor.
 Type 2 – Hosted
• VMMs are software applications running within a conventional operating
system.

38
Virtualization Approaches
• Virtualization Approaches :
 Full-Virtualization
• VMM simulates enough hardware to allow an unmodified guest OS.
 Para-Virtualization
• VMM does not necessarily simulate hardware, but instead offers a special
API that can only be used by the modified guest OS.

39
• Full-VirtualizationVirtualization Approaches

Pros Need not to modify guest OS


Cons Significant performance hit
40
• Para-VirtualizationVirtualization Approaches

Pros Light weight and high performance


Cons Require modification of guest OS
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• Virtualization techniques

Server Virtualization Storage Virtualization Network Virtualization


25

Q&A

Lahore Garrison University


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References

 These lecture notes were taken from following source:

Lahore Garrison University

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