Purity R Chirume W210808

HARVARD Caroline Y Chereni

Keith T Nyamusara
Mitchell T Mtomba
W210932
W210894
W211162

ANALYTICA
Zooleka S Chikweto W211355
Jacob K Shumba W211887

Munyaradzi B
Muchazondida W212205

L Michelle T Zvoutete
Kudakwashe Zhuwao
Charity Murauro.
W212266
W210902
W211261

FRAMEWOR
Shumirai E Mwedzi W211091
Nyasha T Magwaza W211230
Lisa Marufu W200494
Tinotenda Dhura W190503

K Tadiwanashe E Vizhorona W211237

BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW OF THE HARVARD ANALYTICAL
FRAMEWORK
● The Harvard Analytical Framework, also known as the Gender Roles Framework, was developed by the Harvard
Institute for International Development in the 1980s (Overholt et al., 1985).
● The HAF is a structured approach for analyzing the roles, responsibilities, and resources of men and women in
a given context.
● It helps planners and policymakers understand the gender dynamics and identify how development
interventions might affect these dynamics.
● The framework focuses on identifying how development interventions might affect the dynamics of gender
roles and relationships (Kabeer, 1994).

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COMPONENTS OF THE HARVARD ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
1. Activity Profile
● Involves mapping out the different tasks and activities performed by men and women in a particular
community or sector.
● It helps to identify who does what, when, and where i.e. division of labor, tasks, and responsibilities (Mosse,
1993).
● The activity profile often reveals the division of labor between genders and highlights the different roles and
responsibilities assigned to men and women.
● Helps understand how men's and women's activities differ or overlap.
Activity Profile Tool Example
● In a Murewa District, a social worker wants to understand the division of labor among men and women. The
social worker conducts an activity profile by observing and interviewing community members.

Activity Men Women Explanation:

The Activity Profile tool helps identify the activities
Farming X
performed by men and women in a given context.
Cooking X This tool examines the division of labor, tasks, and
Childcare X responsibilities. By analyzing the activity profile,
Livestock management X the social worker can identify areas where men
and women have different roles and
Water collection X responsibilities, and design interventions to
address any inequalities.

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COMPONENTS OF THE HARVARD ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
2. Access and Control Profile
● Examines access to and control over resources, such as land, credit, education, and healthcare (Kabeer, 1994)
that men and women have access to, and the extent to which they can control these resources.
● Helps understand how men and women access and control these resources
● It helps to identify disparities in access and control, which can be critical for understanding gender
inequalities.
Access and Control Profile Tool Example

● In the same district, the social worker wants to examine access to and control over resources. The social
worker conducts an access and control profile by interviewing community members and reviewing documents.

Resource Men's Women's Men's Women's Explanation:

The Access and Control Profile tool examines
Access Access Control Control
access to and control over resources, such as land,
Land X X credit, education, and healthcare. This tool helps
Credit X X identify areas of inequality and potential barriers
Education X X X to development. By analyzing the access and
Healthcare X X X X control profile, the social worker can design
interventions to address these inequalities and
improve access to resources for both men and
women.
4 .
COMPONENTS OF THE HARVARD ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
3. Influencing Factors
● Analyzes the social norms, cultural practices, economic conditions, and political factors that influence division
of labor, access, control, gender roles and relationships (Overholt et al., 1985)
● Examines how these factors affect men's and women's access to resources, opportunities, and services
● Understanding these factors is crucial for designing interventions that can effectively address gender
disparities.
Influencing Factors Tool Example
● Still in Murewa district, the social worker wants to analyze the social, cultural, economic, and political factors
that influence gender roles and relationships. The social worker conducts an influencing factors analysis by
reviewing literature, conducting interviews, and observing community practices.

Influencing Factor Description

Cultural norms Women are expected to prioritize domestic work over formal education or employment
Economic conditions Men have greater access to formal employment and income-generating opportunities
Social policies Laws and policies often favor men's rights to land and property ownership
Political representation Women have limited representation in local government and decision-making structures

Explanation:
The Influencing Factors tool analyzes the social, cultural, economic, and political factors that influence gender
roles and relationships. This tool helps understand the broader context in which gender dynamics operate. By
analyzing the influencing factors, the social worker can identify potential barriers to gender equality and design
interventions to address these underlying factors.
.
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COMPONENTS OF THE HARVARD ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
4. Project Cycle Analysis
● Examines how development projects affect men's and women's lives, from planning and design to
implementation, monitoring, and evaluation (Mosse, 1993)
● It ensures that gender considerations are taken into account at every stage of the project, and that the project
contributes to gender equality and women's empowerment.
● Helps identify potential gender biases and inequalities in project design and implementation
● Informs strategies to address these biases and ensure more equitable outcomes
Project Cycle Analysis Tool Example
● A development project aims to improve agricultural productivity in Murewa. The social worker wants to
analyze the project's potential impact on men's and women's lives. The social worker conducts a project cycle
analysis by reviewing project documents, conducting interviews, and observing project activities.

Project Stage Men's Benefits Women's Benefits Potential Gender Biases

Planning X Men's dominance in decision-making structures
Implementation X X Women's limited access to training and resources
Monitoring and X Men's control over project data and reporting
evaluation
Explanation:
The Project Cycle Analysis tool examines how development projects affect men's and women's lives, from
planning to implementation and evaluation. This tool helps identify potential gender biases and inequalities in
project design and implementation. By analyzing the project cycle, the social worker can design interventions to
address these biases and ensure more equitable outcomes for both men and women.
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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HARVARD ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
1. Identifying Gender Disparities
● Helps identify areas of inequality between men and women (Overholt et al., 1985)
● Analyzes differences in access to resources, opportunities, and services
● Informs strategies to address these disparities
● The framework can help identify disparities in access to education between boys and girls in rural areas.

2. Informing Policy and Program Design

● Provides a structured approach to analyzing gender dynamics (Mosse, 1993)
● Informs policy and program design to ensure gender equity
● Helps develop targeted interventions to address specific gender needs
● The framework can inform the design of programs aimed at increasing women's participation in local
governance.

3. Promoting Gender Equality

● Helps promote gender equality by identifying and addressing areas of inequality (Kabeer, 1994)
● Empowers women and girls by increasing their access to resources and opportunities
● Promotes men's engagement in gender equality efforts
● The framework can help promote gender equality in the workforce by identifying and addressing barriers to
women's employment.

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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HARVARD ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
4. Improving Development Outcomes
● Helps improve development outcomes by addressing the specific needs of men and women (Overholt et al.,
1985)
● Increases the effectiveness of development programs by considering gender dynamics
● Promotes sustainable development by addressing the root causes of gender inequality
● The framework can help improve development outcomes in rural areas by addressing the specific needs of
men and women farmers.

5. Enhancing Accountability and Transparency

● Helps enhance accountability and transparency in development programs (Mosse, 1993)
● Provides a framework for monitoring and evaluating gender equality outcomes
● Increases the accountability of development programs to women and girls
● The framework can help enhance accountability and transparency in government programs aimed at
promoting gender equality.

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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HARVARD ANALYTICAL
FRAMEWORK
1. Conducting a Situation Analysis
● Gathering data on the social, economic, and cultural context (Overholt et al., 1985)
● Identifying key stakeholders and their interests
● Analyzing existing policies and programs related to gender equality
● For example, conducting a situation analysis of the rural community in Marondera, identifying the existing
gender dynamics and power structures.

2. Identifying Gender Roles and Responsibilities

● Analyzing the division of labor and responsibilities between men and women (Mosse, 1993)
● Examining access to and control over resources, such as land, credit, and education
● Identifying areas of inequality and potential barriers to development
● For example, identifying the gender roles and responsibilities in Bocha rural area, highlighting the disparities
in access to education and economic opportunities.

3. Analyzing Influencing Factors

● Examining the social, cultural, economic, and political factors that influence gender roles and relationships
(Kabeer, 1994)
● Identifying how these factors affect men's and women's access to resources, opportunities, and services
● Analyzing how these factors impact the effectiveness of development programs
● For example, analyzing the influencing factors in Hwedza, such as cultural norms and economic conditions,
to understand how they impact women's empowerment.
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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HARVARD ANALYTICAL
FRAMEWORK
4. Designing and Implementing Interventions
● Developing targeted interventions to address specific gender needs and inequalities (Overholt et al., 1985)
● Designing programs that take into account the local context and existing power structures
● Implementing interventions that promote gender equality and women's empowerment
● For example, designing and implementing a program to increase women's access to education and economic
opportunities.

5. Monitoring and Evaluating Progress

● Establishing indicators to measure progress towards gender equality (Mosse, 1993)
● Monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions
● Adjusting programs and policies based on lessons learned
● For example, monitoring and evaluating the progress of the program, using indicators such as increased
women's participation in education and economic activities.

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THE STRENGTHS OF THE HARVARD ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
1. Clarity and Simplicity
● Provides a clear and straightforward approach to analyzing gender dynamics (Overholt et al., 1985)
● Easy to understand and apply, even for those without extensive technical expertise
● Facilitates communication and collaboration among stakeholders
● Example: The clarity and simplicity of the framework enabled a local NGO in Zimbabwe to easily analyze the
gender dynamics in their community and develop targeted interventions.

2. Practical Focus
● Focuses on practical applications and solutions to real-world problems (Mosse, 1993)
● Emphasizes the importance of understanding local contexts and power structures
● Provides a framework for developing context-specific interventions
● Example: The practical focus of the framework helped a community-based organization in Zimbabwe develop
a successful program to increase women's access to economic opportunities.

3. Comprehensive
● Provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing gender dynamics, including activity profiles, access and
control profiles, and influencing factors (Kabeer, 1994)
● Takes into account the complex interplay of social, cultural, economic, and political factors that shape gender
roles and relationships
● Facilitates a nuanced understanding of the root causes of gender inequality
● Example: The comprehensive nature of the framework enabled a research team in Zimbabwe to conduct a
thorough analysis of the gender dynamics in the agricultural sector, identifying key areas for intervention.
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THE LIMITATIONS OF THE HARVARD ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
1. Static Nature
● Assumes that gender roles and relationships are static, rather than dynamic and changing (Kabeer, 1994)
● Fails to capture the complexity and fluidity of gender dynamics in different contexts
● May not account for changes in gender roles and relationships over time
● The framework's static nature may not capture the shifting gender dynamics in Zimbabwe's agricultural
sector, where women are increasingly taking on new roles and responsibilities.

2. Limited Focus on Power Relations

● Does not adequately address the power dynamics underlying gender roles and relationships (Mosse, 1993)
● Fails to examine how power is exercised and maintained in different contexts
● May not provide a nuanced understanding of how power relations shape gender inequality
● The framework's limited focus on power relations may not capture the ways in which patriarchal power
structures in Zimbabwe's rural communities perpetuate gender inequality.

3. Cultural Sensitivity
● May not be culturally sensitive, as it is based on Western notions of gender and development (Overholt et al.,
1985)
● Fails to account for the diversity of cultural contexts and experiences
● May be imposed on local communities without adequate consideration for their unique cultural practices and
values
● The framework's lack of cultural sensitivity may lead to the imposition of external gender norms and values on
local communities in Zimbabwe, potentially undermining 12 their cultural practices and traditions.
THE CHALLENGES OF THE HARVARD ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
1. Too Focused on Economic Roles
● Overemphasizes the economic roles of men and women, neglecting other important aspects of gender
dynamics (Kabeer, 1994)
● Fails to capture the complexity of gender roles and relationships, which extend beyond economic activities
● May overlook the ways in which economic roles are shaped by social norms, power dynamics, and cultural
context
● The framework's focus on economic roles may lead to an overemphasis on women's participation in income-
generating activities, neglecting their roles in caregiving and other non-economic areas.
2. Does Not Address Intersectionality
● Fails to consider how multiple forms of oppression, such as race, class, disability, and sexuality, intersect to
shape gender inequality (Crenshaw, 1989)
● Overlooks the ways in which different forms of oppression compound and intersect to produce unique
experiences of marginalization
● May not provide a nuanced understanding of how intersectionality shapes gender dynamics in different
contexts
● The framework's neglect of intersectionality may lead to a failure to address the unique experiences of women
with disabilities, who face both gender-based and disability-based discrimination.
3. Relies on Existing Structures
● May not challenge deeply rooted patriarchal systems and structures, instead working within existing power
dynamics (Mosse, 1993)
● Fails to provide a framework for transforming existing power structures and promoting more equitable gender
relations
13 the root causes of gender-based oppression
● May reinforce existing inequalities by failing to address
● Example in Zimbabwe: The framework's reliance on existing structures may lead to a failure to challenge the
SITUATION EXAMPLES OF THE HARVARD ANALYTICAL
FRAMEWORK
Situation Example 1: Women's Participation in Agricultural Development
● In rural Zimbabwe, women play a crucial role in agricultural production, but they often lack access to land,
credit, and other resources. The Harvard Analytical Framework can be applied to analyze the gender dynamics
in agricultural development, identifying the activities, access, and control profiles of men and women.
● Activity Profile: Women are primarily responsible for planting, weeding, and harvesting, while men control
the sale of crops and manage the finances.
● Access and Control Profile: Women have limited access to land, credit, and extension services, while men
control the majority of the resources.
● Influencing Factors: Cultural norms and traditional practices limit women's participation in decision-making
processes and access to resources.

Situation Example 2: Gender-Based Violence in Urban Areas

● In urban Zimbabwe, gender-based violence (GBV) is a significant concern, with women and girls being
disproportionately affected. The Harvard Analytical Framework can be applied to analyze the gender dynamics
underlying GBV, identifying the activities, access, and control profiles of men and women.
● Activity Profile: Women are often responsible for managing the household and caring for children, while men
are expected to provide financially and protect the family.
● Access and Control Profile: Women have limited access to economic resources, education, and healthcare,
while men control the majority of the resources.
● Influencing Factors: Social norms and cultural practices perpetuate patriarchal attitudes and behaviors,
contributing to GBV.
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REFERENCES

Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of
antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 139-167.
Kabeer, N. (1994). Reversed realities: Gender hierarchies in development thought. Verso.
Mosse, J. (1993). Half the world, half a chance: An introduction to gender and development. Oxfam.
Overholt, C., Anderson, M. B., Cloud, K., & Austin, J. E. (1985). Gender roles in development projects: A case book.
Kumarian Press.

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