Earthquake Resistant Design of Multistory Structure G+5

CONTENT
• Problem Statement
• What is Earthquake
• How Earthquake Occurs
• Causes & Effects of Earthquake
• Literature Review
• IS Code for Earthquake Resistant Building
• Principle of Earthquake Resistant Design
• Rules for Building Design
• Four Virtues of Earthquake Resistant Building
• Seismic Waves
• Seismic Performance & Design
• Improving Earthquake Resistance of Minor Building
• Shear Walls
• Advantages of Shear Wall
• Earthquake Resistant Structure Techniques
• Conclusion
• References
 What is Earthquake

• Earthquakes are natural disasters of generally unpredictable nature.

• It is the shaking of earth due to the movement of earth’s crust.
• Asudden, rapid shaking of the earth caused by the breaking and shifting of rocks beneath the earth surface.
• There are two types of earthquake:-
• Interplate Earthquake
• An interplate earthquake is an earthquake that occurs at the boundary between two tectonic plates.
Earthquakes of this type account for more than 90% of the total seismic energy released around the world.
• Intraplate Earthquake
• The term intraplate earthquake refers to a variety of earthquake that occurs within the interior of a tectonic
plate, this stands in contrast to an interplate earthquake, which occurs at the boundary of a tectonic plate.
How Earthquake Occurs
• Because of earth’s rotation and other energy factors different shells or the rocks layers constantly move or
slid past each other.
• Different continental mass fragments of lesser densities float and move overriding the denser rock layers.
• Earthquakes occur along faults, which are fractures between blocks of rock that allow the blocks to move
relative to one another. Faults are caused by the bumping and sliding that plates do and are more common
near the edges of the plates.

Causes of Earthquake
• Earthquakes are causally related to tensional stress.
• Volcanic eruptions, rock fall, landslides, and explosions can also cause a quake.
• The movement of tectonic plates is a geological fault that causes the earth’s crust to break, resulting in an
earthquake.
• Human activities such as mining, tunnel, construction, etc. can produce seismic waves, which can cause
earthquakes.
 Literature Review
• Lin Su et al (1991): In this paper Lin Su, Goodarz Ahmadi and Iradj G. Tadjbakhsh, discusses about the analysis on a
new combination of base isolator resulted after combination of the properties of electricity de France (EDF) base
isolator and resilient base isolator(R-FB1) device, and new isolator formed i.e. sliding resilient base isolation system
(SR-F). A curve is generated which is than compared with the one by EDF and RFB1 system called as Isolator
Response Spectra. The outcome is then compared with fixed base isolation system. Different outcome from this
different earthquake records were then compared with SR-F newly proposed isolator. Peak response of all earthquakes
for EDF and R-FB1 were recorded and obtained results are compared to the SRF system. Therefore, maximum
responses almost ended without large base displacement and the peak response of this isolator was also not too much
serious in frequency and amplitude content.

• W. Shenton et al (1993): In this paper, Shenton and Lin compared and analyzed relative results of fix based and base
isolated structure. Referring the concrete fix base structure was designed according to the Structural Agencies
Association of California (SEAOC), and comparison was done with a fixed base response. According to the SEAOC
recommendation, the base shear was varying. Three various type of time history, postearthquake record were chosen
for the performance of nonlinear dynamic analysis for fixed base and base isolated structure. Comparisons of the
results were done to 25% and 50% of the specified lateral force by SEAOC and the building's performance was
checked for various lateral forces.
Cont...
• Alex Y Tuan and GQ Shang (2014): In their paper "Vibration control in a 101 storey building using a TMD" an
investigation was carried out on effects of TMD on structural dynamic responses of Taipei 101 tower. A detailed
dynamic analysis was conducted for evaluation of structural behavior.

• Mr Ashish A Mohite, Prof. G.R. Patil (2015): In his paper "Earthquake analysis of tall building with tuned mass
damper", a software study on TMD was conducted. In which TMD is placed on the top of the building and storey
drift, storey displacement and base shear was analyzed with and without TMD on ETAB. The analysis was done by
investigating seismic behavior of 10th, 12th , 14th, 16th, 18th and 21st floor and excitations of Bhuj earthquake
were applied using time history analysis. They concluded that the TMD should be placed at top floor for best
control of the first mode and also proper implementation is necessary.

• Balakrishna G.S et al (2014): In his paper, it is presented that by using passive energy absorbing devices, seismic
response of the building in earthquake prone areas can be improved. By use of SAP2000 v14, a 6 storey building
was analyzed with provision of Viscous Fluid Dampers (VFD), Tuned Mass Damper (TMD), and without any
damping devices and non linear time history analysis was conducted by applying equivalent to Bhuj earthquake.
IS Code for Earthquake Resistant Building
 Principle of Earthquake Resistant Design

• The building shall withstand with almost no damage to moderate earthquake.

• The building should not harm the livelyhood under any situation.
 Four Virtues of Earthquake Resistant Building

1. Good seismic configuration, with no choices of architectural form of the building that is detrimental
to good earthquake performance and that does not introduce newer complexities in the building behaviour than
what the earthquake is already imposing.
2. At least a minimum lateral stiffness in each of its plan directions (uniformly distributed in both plan directions of
the building), so that there is no discomfort to occupants of the building and no damage to contents of the
building.
3. At least a minimum lateral strength in each of its plan directions (uniformly distributed in both plan directions of
the building), to resist low intensity ground shaking with no damage, and not too strong to keep the cost of
construction in check, along with a minimum vertical strength to be able to continue to support the gravity load
and thereby prevent collapse under strong earthquake shaking.
4. Good overall ductility in it to accommodate the imposed lateral deformation between the base and the roof of the
building, along with the desired mechanism of behaviour at ultimate stage.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

• The analysis and design of a six story building for a rcc commercial complex used as art gallery,showroom etc.The
building is located in the seismic zone -3 on a medium soil. Design the building for seismic load as per IS 1893 (part-
1 2002).
ARCHITECTURAL PLAN OF THE BUILDING
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION OF BUILDING
 1.PRELIMINARY DETAILS

Live load: 4.0 kN/m2 at typical floor and 1.5 kN/m2 on Roof
Floor finish: 1.0 kN/m2
Water proofing: 2.0 kN/m2
Terrace finish: 1.0 kN/m2
Location: zone 3
Earthquake load: As per IS-1893 (Part 1) - 2002
Depth of foundation below ground: 1.1 m
Type of soil: Type II, Medium as per IS: 1893
Storey height: Typical floor: 5 m, GF: 4.1 m
Floors: G.F. + 5 upper floors.
Walls: 230 mm thick brick masonry walls only at periphery.
 MATERIAL PROPERTIES

CONCRETE

All components unless specified in design: M25 grade all

Ec = 5 000 fck N/mm2

= 5 000 fck MN/m2
= 25 000 N/mm2 = 25 000 MN/m2.
For central columns up to plinth, ground floor and first floor: M30 grade

Ec = 5 000 fck N/mm2

= 5 000 fck MN/m2
= 27 386 N/mm2 =
27 386 MN/m2.

STEEL

HYSD reinforcement of
grade Fe 415
confirming to IS: 1786
is used throughout.
 Load Combination

Load Combinations As per IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 Clause no. 6.3.1.2,
the following load cases have to be considered for analysis:
1.5 *(DL + IL)
1.2 *(DL + IL ± EL)
1.5 *(DL ± EL)
0.9 *DL ± 1.5* EL
Earthquake load must be considered for +X, -X, +Z and –Z directions. Moreover, accidental
eccentricity can be such that it causes clockwise or anticlockwise moments.
 MODELLING OF STRUCTURE BY STAAD PRO

1. BEAM AND COLUMN NUMBERING

2. SECTION PROPERTIES
SECTION MATERIALS
FINAL GEOMETRY
 ANALYSIS RESULTS

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM OF A TYPICAL FRAME

BENDING MOMENT OF A TYPICAL COLUMN
 Conclusion

• Earthquake resistant construction is important in earthquake prone area.

• The building can resist earthquake forces with almost no damage.
• Building shall not collapse or harm human lifes during several earthquake motion.
• While earthquake are inevitable , earth earthquake need not convert into a disaster as what comes in between is
the culture of safety and prevention.
• Let us work together to build a culture of prevention .
 References
• Explanatory Examples for Ductile Detailing of RC Buildings Document No. :: IITK- GSDMA-EQ22-V3.0 Dr.
R. K. Ingle, Dr. Sudhir K Jain

• Proposed Draft Provisions and Commentary on Ductile Detailing of RC Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces

• RCC DESIGN- S Unnikrishna Pillai & Devdas Menon

• PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE -CODE OF PRACTICE-IS456

• Design Example of a Six Storey Building- IITK-GSDMA-EQ26-V3.0-Dr. H J Shah, Dr.Sudhir k Jain

• Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces - Code of Practice (First
Revision of IS 13920)

• Magic equations for designing short RCC columns of different shapes with axial, uni- axial, bi-axial loads-R.G
GUPTA

• IS- 875 Part1 to 5, “Indian Standard Code of practice for Design Loads (other than earthquake) for Building and
structures, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi