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Lecture 1 DBMS

The document provides an overview of Database Management Systems (DBMS), contrasting them with traditional file systems and outlining their advantages such as reduced redundancy and improved data security. It describes the three levels of database architecture: internal, conceptual, and external, and explains different architectural models including one-tier, two-tier, and three-tier systems. Additionally, it highlights the responsibilities of each schema layer within the DBMS architecture.

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Àlí Göhár
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4 views

Lecture 1 DBMS

The document provides an overview of Database Management Systems (DBMS), contrasting them with traditional file systems and outlining their advantages such as reduced redundancy and improved data security. It describes the three levels of database architecture: internal, conceptual, and external, and explains different architectural models including one-tier, two-tier, and three-tier systems. Additionally, it highlights the responsibilities of each schema layer within the DBMS architecture.

Uploaded by

Àlí Göhár
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture #1

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

BY: Zubair Ahmad


Database vs. File
System
The traditionally used “File Systems” were nothing but a manual
way of storing data as “Files”. while Database Systems refer to a
collection of interrelated files and programs that provide users
with an abstract view of data, hiding the low-level physical details.

Data redundancy.
Files development using programming languages like COBOL, C,

and C++.
Way less flexible than DBMS

The maintenance of those files was also of high cost.


DBS vs. DBMS
“Database is a collection of related data and Its
primary function is to provide a way to store, retrieve,
update, and manage data. It provides users with a
systematic way to create, retrieve, update and
manage data.”

“A database management system is a computer


program or other piece of software that allows one to
access, interact with, and manipulate a database.”
Database Abstraction
A major purpose of a database is to provide
the user with only as much information as is
required of them. This means that the system
does not disclose all the details of the data,
rather it hides some details of how the data is
stored and maintained. The complexity of
databases is hidden from them.
Levels of the database
The different levels of the database are implemented through three
layers:

1. Internal Level(Physical Level): The lowest level of


abstraction, the internal level, is closest to physical storage. It
describes how the data is stored concretely on the storage medium.
2. Conceptual Level: This level of abstraction describes what data
is concretely stored in the database. It also describes the
relationships that exist between the data. Users at this level are not
concerned with how these logical data structures will be
implemented at the physical level.
3. External Level(View Level): It is the level closest to users and
is related to the way the data is viewed by individual users.
Reduces database data redundancy to a great
extent
The database can control data inconsistency to a
Advantages of Database

great extent
The database facilitates sharing of data.
Database enforce standards.
The database can ensure data security.
Integrity can be maintained through databases.
Database
Architecture
The term "database architecture" refers to the
structural design and methodology of a database
system, which forms the core of a Database
Management System (DBMS). This architecture
dictates how data is stored, organized, and retrieved,
playing a crucial role in the efficiency and effectiveness
of data management.
One-tier architecture
In one-tier architecture, the database, user interface, and
application logic all reside on the same machine or server. It's
typically used for small-scale applications where simplicity and
cost-effectiveness are priorities. Because there are no network
delays involved, this type of tier architecture is generally a fast
way to access data.
Two-tier architecture
Two-tier architecture consists of multiple clients connecting
directly to the database. This tier architecture is also
known as client-server architecture.
Three-tier architecture
Most modern web applications use a three-tier
architecture. In this architecture, the clients connect
to a back end, which in turn connects to the database.
Using this approach has many benefits:
Security: Keeping the database connection open to a single
back end reduces the risks of being hacked.
Scalability: Because each layer operates independently, it is

easier to scale parts of the application.


Faster deployment: Having multiple tiers makes it easier to

have a separation of concerns and to follow cloud-native best


practices, including better continuous delivery processes.
What is a 3-level DBMS
architecture  ?

The three-level database management system


(DBMS) architecture splits databases into three
distinct layers:

An internal DBMS schema for low-level storage tasks.


A conceptual DBMS schema for logical designs.
An external DBMS schema for querying and viewing

data.
The physical DBMS schema
level
The physical DBMS schema level is responsible
for the following tasks:
Index tables.

Identify which types of storage media to support.

Determine where to write log files.

Perform low-level authentication.

Select what data types to implement and how.


The conceptual DBMS schema layer

The conceptual DBMS schema layer includes


the following common responsibilities:
Implement database designs captured in an

entity relationship diagram (ERD).


Create indexes for commonly queried tables.

Assign security attributes to tables and


columns.
Choose from a variety of different data types.
External DBMS schema layer
The external layer of a database management
system (DBMS) is responsible for capturing user
requirements and defining the next levels of the
database.
Defining user views
Hiding irrelevant information
Allowing multiple users to access data
Reference Materials: (or use any
other standard and latest books)
1. Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design,
Implementation, and Management,
6th Edition by Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg
2. Database Systems: The Complete Book, 2nd Edition by
Hector Garcia-Molina, Jeffrey
D. Ullman, Jennifer Widom
3. Database System Concepts, 6th Edition by Avi
Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth and S.
Sudarshan.
4. Database Management Systems, 3rd Edition by Raghu
Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gehrke

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