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UNIT 5 - EVI - Database Handling Techniques

The document discusses database handling techniques, including the introduction of DAO, RDO, and ADO, and outlines the CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) essential for managing data in databases. It explains the evolution from manual data management to computer-based systems and highlights the importance of database management systems in modern organizations. Additionally, it provides details on SQL commands used for database operations and the features of different database access technologies.

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9 views26 pages

UNIT 5 - EVI - Database Handling Techniques

The document discusses database handling techniques, including the introduction of DAO, RDO, and ADO, and outlines the CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) essential for managing data in databases. It explains the evolution from manual data management to computer-based systems and highlights the importance of database management systems in modern organizations. Additionally, it provides details on SQL commands used for database operations and the features of different database access technologies.

Uploaded by

shahjainam410
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Handling

Techniques
EVI – UNIT 5
Contents
• Database Handling Techniques: DAO – RDO and ADO introduction – Data Controls –
Database Operations: Adding – Deleting –Modifying – Retrieving Records
Understanding Database
• In the past, people usually deal with data manually like
using cards and folders. However, in the present-day
digital age, it is no longer feasible to manage data
manually.
• Most data are now managed using computer-based
database management systems. Computer-based
Database management systems can handle data much
faster and more efficient than human beings do.
• With the advent of the network and Internet
technologies, data can now be managed locally and
remotely. Companies usually invest heavily in database
management systems to run the organizations efficiently
and effectively.
Standard
records
Definition of Database
A database is a structured collection of data organized in such a
way that it can be easily accessed, managed, and updated. It's like
a digital filing system where information is stored in tables, each
containing rows and columns.
Table
Accessibility
GIVEN DATA 

Example
SQL Query
SELECT first_name, age
FROM Customers;
Database Handling
Database handling refers to the process of managing and manipulating data within
a database system. It involves various tasks such as creating, updating, retrieving,
and deleting data, as well as managing database structures and configurations.
Some key aspects of database handling:
• Data Manipulation
• Data Definition
• Data Querying
• Transaction Management
• Concurrency Control
• Security and Access Control
• Backup and Recovery
CRUD operations
• CRUD is the acronym for CREATE, READ, UPDATE and DELETE. These
terms describe the four essential operations for creating and managing
persistent data elements, mainly in relational and NoSQL databases.
• CRUD operations are used in persistent storage applications, meaning
these applications will keep their data even after the system powers
down. These are different from operations on data stored in volatile
storage, like Random Access Memory or cache files.
• CRUD is extensively used in database applications. This includes
Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) like Oracle, MySQL,
and PostgreSQL. It also includes NoSQL databases like MongoDB, Apache
Cassandra, and AWS DynamoDB.
CREATE

• The CREATE operation adds a new record to a database. In DBMS, a


database table row is referred to as a record, while columns are called
attributes or fields. The CREATE operation adds one or more new
records with distinct field values in a table.
• CRUD operations are performed through Structure Query Language
(SQL) commands.
• The INSERT statement is used for CREATE:

INSERT INTO <table name> VALUES (field value 1, field value, 2…)
READ
• READ returns records (or documents or items) from a database table
(or collection or bucket) based on some search criteria. The READ
operation can return all records and some or all fields.

• The SELECT statement is used for READ:

SELECT field 1, field 2, …FROM <table name> [WHERE <condition>]


UPDATE
• UPDATE is used to modify existing records in the database. For example, this
can be the change of address in a customer database or price change in a
product database. Similar to READ, UPDATEs can be applied across all records
or only a few, based on criteria.
• An UPDATE operation can modify and persist changes to a single field or to
multiple fields of the record. If multiple fields are to be updated, the database
system ensures they are all updated or not at all.
• The UPDATE statement is used for UPDATE:
UPDATE <table name> SET field1=value1, field2=value2,… [WHERE <condition>]
DELETE
• DELETE operations allow the user to remove records from the
database. A hard delete removes the record altogether, while a soft
delete flags the record but leaves it in place. For example, this is
important in payroll where employment records need to be
maintained even after an employee has left the company.
• The DELETE statement is used for DELETE:

DELETE FROM <table name> [WHERE <condition>]


Database Handling Techniques
• DAO - Data Access Objects
• RDO - Remote Data Objects
• ADO - ActiveX Data Objects
Data Access Objects

• DAO was one of the earliest database access technologies introduced


by Microsoft.
• It provided a set of COM (Component Object Model) objects and
methods for accessing and manipulating data in Microsoft Access
databases.
• DAO was specifically designed for use with Microsoft Access
databases and provided features for working with Jet databases (the
underlying database engine for Access).
• While DAO is still available for backward compatibility, it has largely
been superseded by ADO and other technologies
Remote Data Objects
• RDO was introduced as part of Visual Basic and was primarily designed
for client-server database access.
• It provided a set of COM objects and methods for accessing remote
databases, particularly those using ODBC (Open Database Connectivity).
• RDO was specifically tailored for working with SQL Server and other
ODBC-compliant databases.
• RDO provided features such as cursor management, transaction control,
and data manipulation capabilities.
• However, RDO has largely been deprecated in favor of ADO due to its
limited support for newer database features and technologies.
ActiveX Data Objects

• ADO is a more versatile and widely used database access technology introduced
by Microsoft as part of the ActiveX suite.
• It provides a set of COM objects and methods for accessing and manipulating
data from various data sources, including databases, text files, spreadsheets, etc.
• ADO is designed to be database agnostic, meaning it can work with a wide range
of database systems, including SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, and others.
• ADO offers features such as disconnected record sets, batch updating, support for
multiple data providers and better integration with other Microsoft technologies.
• ADO has become the preferred choice for database access in Visual Basic and
other Microsoft development environments.
ADO Object Model
• The data residing in a data store or
database is retrieved through
the data provider. Various
components of the data provider
retrieve data for the application and
update data.

• An application accesses data either


through a dataset or a data reader.

• Datasets store data in a


disconnected cache and the
application retrieves data from it.

• Data readers provide data to the


application in a read-only and
forward-only mode.
SQL database- Example

1. Write a query to update the name “ xyz ” of the record with Id 4 To be solved by students
2. Write an sql query to display the average sat_score
3. Write an sql query to add one more record in the above database
Thank You

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