PUBLIC
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
NEED FOR FOOD SECURITY
The government of India have
adopted a range of policies over the
last 60 years in an attempt to
strengthen food security. One of the
key responses to food insecurity and
hunger in India is the distribution of
food grains through the government
controlled Public Distribution
System.
2
INTRODUCTION
The Public distribution system (PDS) is an Indian food Security
System established under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public
Distribution.
It is a system of management of food scarcity through distribution of food grains
at affordable prices.
An important part of India’s Agriculture Price Policy for management of food
economy in the country.
It is operated under the joint responsibility of the Central and the State/UT
Governments.
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● Presently, the commodities namely wheat, rice, sugar and kerosene are
being allocated to the States/UTs for distribution.
It is a network whereby accessibility of vital supplies is guaranteed which can
be easily accessed by the consumers in every part of the country.
The primary objective are:
- Food Security
- Supports to farmers
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Importance of PDS
It helps in ensuring Food and Nutritional Security of the nation.
It has helped in stabilising food prices and making food available to the poor at
affordable prices.
It maintains the buffer stock of food grains in the warehouse so that the flow of food
remain active even during the period of less agricultural food production.
It has helped in redistribution of grains by supplying food from surplus regions of the
country to deficient regions.
The system of minimum support price and procurement has contributed to the increase
in food grain production.
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OBJECTIVES
● It helps in ensuring Food and Nutritional Security of the nation.
● Price Fluctuation: It has helped in stabilizing food prices and making food available
to the poor at affordable prices.
● Food Availability: It maintains the buffer stock of food grains in the warehouse so
that the flow of food remains active even during crisis.
● Accessibility: It has helped in redistribution of grains by supplying food from
surplus regions of the country to deficient regions.
● Higher production: The system of minimum support price and guarantee
procurement of farmer’s output has contributed to the increase in food grain
production.
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EVOLUTION
Revamped PDS Antyodaya Anna
Early 1960s 1992 Yojana,2000
1 3 5
2 4 6
Green Revolution Targeted PDS National Food
Phase 1997 Security Act, 2013
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EARLY 1960s
-PDS was introduced around World War II .
- It was expanded as a response to the food shortages of the time.
- Subsequently, the Agriculture Prices Commission and the FCI was set up for PDS .
GREEN REVOLUTION PHASE:
- The food production increased and with this, the outreach was extended to areas of high incidence of -
poverty and Tribal Blocks.
REVAMPED PDS:
- RPDS was launched in June, 1992
- Strengthen and streamline the pds to improve in inaccessible areas.
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TARGATED PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSYTEM
- TPDs was launched in June 1997 the with a focus on the poor.
- Under it, beneficiaries were divided into two categories:
- Below the poverty line or BPL and Above the poverty line or APL.
ANTODYA ANNA YOJANA
- AAY was launched in December 2000, with an aim of reducing hunger among the poorest segments
of the BPL population.
NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY ACT
- Passed in September 2013.
- Relies on existing TPDS
- This marks a shift by making the right to food a justiciable right.
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LOGISTICAL
MANAGEMENT
OF PDS
1. Procurement of Food Grains:
• The food grains procured from agrarians at MSP by the central govt.
• Intended to provide price support to farmers
• They procure the food materials from the Food Corporation of India
• Include wheat, rice, kerosene and sugar. Other essential commodities like iodized salt, Palm oil,
candles, Ghee and cloth etc. have also been purchased.
2. Storage:
• The food grains procured maintained and stored as the central pool stock.
• Proper Storage becomes an essential factor in Logistics Management. The steps taken to monitor
the warehouse are under:
o proper scientific code of storage practices.
o Spraying of insecticides.
o periodic inspections.
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3. Transportation
• The most common type of transportation: a) roadways b) railways
• Roadways- economical for short routes
• Railways- efficient for long distance, protection and bulky goods
4. Bulk Allocation
• Met to all location where demand is projected
• Plays a vital role in placement of a product
• Excess kept as reserve
5. Distribution
• Done by state governments
• Food grains distributed after being monitored and inspected
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6. Fair price shop
• Also called at ration shops in general way.
• In these centres, the consumer gets a Ration Card on the basis of which he is given food grains.
• License to sell the food grains at comparatively lower price.
• Over 462000+ ration shops
7. Consumers
• Buyer of food grains at Minimum Market Price
• Availed only if a ration card is allotted
• Most consumers belong to BPL category. Eg.- farmers, pottery, etc.
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Issues Associated with PDS System in India
Identification of beneficiaries
-Prone to large inclusion and exclusion errors.
- PDS suffers from nearly 61% error of exclusion and 25% inclusion of beneficiaries, i.e. the
misclassification of the poor as non-poor and vice versa.
Leakage of food grains
-TPDS suffers from large leakages of food grains during transportation to and from ration shops into
the open market.
- In an evaluation of TPDS, the erstwhile Planning Commission found 36% leakage of PDS rice and
wheat at the all-India level.
Issue with procurement
- Open-ended Procurement i.e., all incoming grains accepted even if buffer stock is filled, creates a
shortage in the open market.
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Issues with storage
-Shortfall in the government’s storage capacity.
- Given the increasing procurement and incidents of rotting food grains
Minimum Support Price
- The provision of minimum support price (MSP) has encouraged farmers to divert land from
production of coarse grains that are consumed by the poor, to rice and wheat and thus, discourages
crop diversification.
Environmental issues
- The over-emphasis on attaining self-sufficiency and a surplus in food grains, which are water-
intensive, has been found to be environmentally unsustainable.
- Procuring states such as Punjab and Haryana are under environmental stress, including rapid
groundwater depletion, deteriorating soil and water conditions from overuse of fertilisers.
- It was found that due to cultivation of rice in north-west India, the water table went down by 33 cm per
year during 2002-08.
15
16
Way Forward
To eliminate exclusion errors
-For including the excluded in the PDS during this pandemic, temporary ration card for a
period of six months to everyone who is in need with minimal checks.
To meet inadequate food-supply
- State governments should consider establishing community kitchens providing free food as
done by the Kerala government to cater to the hungry as an immediate measure. Kerala’s
community kitchens have been quite successful in the current situation.
Addressing the food quality issue:
- Use of upcoming technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and the
Internet of Things could be urgently adapted to eliminate the menace of adulteration and bad
quality food grains.
17
Ensuring accountability
- One mechanism for checking and making the process of distribution more accountable was
suggested by the Delhi High Court in a petition filed by Delhi Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan which
sought time-bound redressal of complaints regarding non-supply of rations and transparency in
the distribution of food grains.
A separate cadre for ration inspection
- Experts suggest that a separate cadre of government employees be established for this purpose
and stationed at all the FPS.
- Ration Inspectors ensure impartial and hassle-free delivery of food grains from the FPS.
- We do have a provision for periodic inspection of FPS.
- Unfortunately, with no accountability and lack of supervision of these officers, inspections have
been few and sporadic, and consequently, progress on the ground has been negligible
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19
CONCLUSION
• A pandemic has again driven home the importance of well-designed and meticulously
implemented food security policies
• Most of the problems that India’s poor are encountering could be attributed to a lack of
implementation of the existing food security framework, although the ‘law may look good on
paper’ .
• To improve India's food security, most recommendations involve strengthening the existing
PDS and other levers. For instance, the National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 mandates all
State governments to set up grievance redress mechanisms and a State Food Commission to
oversee the proper implementation of the law.
• The PDS may not be able to eliminate the issue of malnutrition and childhood morbidity or
mortality in India, but it can reduce the levels of hunger in India if implemented effectively.
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• The PDS may not be able to eliminate the issue of malnutrition and childhood
morbidity or mortality in India, but it can reduce the levels of hunger in India if
implemented effectively.
• Critical resource of food security for poor, especially the urban poor and woman who
manage household supplies
• Played a great role in serving the poor and malnourished
21
THANKS
CREATED BY SPEAKERS
PRAKHAR GOYANKA, ANKIT KESHRI,
ANKIT KESHRI ASHISH AGRAWAL, VIKHYAT PRATAP SINGH,
SHIVAM RUNGTA and RONAK RINGANIA
PRAKHAR
GOYANKA HELPERS
22
“
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Transition
1 Headline
Let’s start with the first set of slides
6. Fair price shop
• Also called at ration shops in general way.
• In these centres, the consumer gets a Ration Card on the basis of which he is given food grains.
• License to sell the food grains at comparatively lower price.
• Over 462000+ ration shops
7. Consumers
• Buyer of food grains at Minimum Market Price
• Availed only if a ration card is allotted
• Most consumers belong to BPL category. Eg.- farmers, pottery, etc.
28
Use diagrams to explain your
ideas
Lorem Ipsum
Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum
Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum
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And tables to compare data
A B C
Yellow 10 20 7
Blue 30 15 10
Orange 5 24 16
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89,526,12
4
Whoa! That’s a big number, aren’t you proud?
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Thank
s!
Any questions?
You can find me at:
● @username
● [email protected]
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89,526,124$
That’s a lot of money
185,244 users
And a lot of users
100%
Total success!
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Our process is easy
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do eiusmod tempor. Donec
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Vestibulum
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Let’s review some concepts
Yellow Blue Red
Is the color of gold, butter Is the colour of the clear sky Is the color of blood, and
and ripe lemons. In the and the deep sea. It is because of this it has
spectrum of visible light, located between violet and historically been associated
yellow is found between green on the optical with sacrifice, danger and
green and orange. spectrum. courage.
Yellow Blue Red
Is the color of gold, butter Is the colour of the clear sky Is the color of blood, and
and ripe lemons. In the and the deep sea. It is because of this it has
spectrum of visible light, located between violet and historically been associated
yellow is found between green on the optical with sacrifice, danger and
green and orange. spectrum. courage.
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4000
3000
2000
1000
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Timeline
Blue is the colour of Black is the color of Yellow is the color of Blue is the colour of
the clear sky and Red is the colour of ebony and of outer gold, butter and ripe White is the color of the clear sky and
the deep sea danger and courage space lemons milk and fresh snow the deep sea
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Yellow is the color of White is the color of Blue is the colour of Red is the colour of Black is the color of Yellow is the
gold, butter and ripe milk and fresh snow the clear sky and danger and courage ebony and of outer color of gold,
lemons the deep sea space butter and ripe
lemons
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SWOT Analysis
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Blue is the colour of Yellow is the color of
the clear sky and the gold, butter and ripe
deep sea lemons
Black is the color of
ebony and of outer White is the color of
space milk and fresh snow
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
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