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PPT 10

The document covers the concept of C++ templates, explaining their necessity for reducing code duplication across different data types. It includes examples of function templates, class templates, and templates with non-type parameters, demonstrating how to create generic functions and classes. Additionally, it discusses overloading function templates and provides exercises with solutions to reinforce the concepts presented.

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5 views

PPT 10

The document covers the concept of C++ templates, explaining their necessity for reducing code duplication across different data types. It includes examples of function templates, class templates, and templates with non-type parameters, demonstrating how to create generic functions and classes. Additionally, it discusses overloading function templates and provides exercises with solutions to reinforce the concepts presented.

Uploaded by

VEDANT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

C++ Slides

Templates: Need of template, Function templates, Function


template with non-type parameter, Overloading function
templates, Class templates, Class template with non-type
parameter.
Need of template - motivation
• To reduce code duplication when supporting numerous data types

• int MyMax(int x, int y){ return x>y?x:y; }


• float MyMax(float x, float y){ return x>y?x:y; }
• char MyMax(char x, char y){ return x>y?x:y; }

• T MyMax(T x, T y){ return x>y?x:y;}


We can write a generic code for We can write a generic code for a
a function e.g. add() for class, to manipulate group of
integers, double, float etc. member variables & functions e.g.
linked list of strings, integers etc.
How to use template – an example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <class T>
T myMax(T x, T y){ return x>y?x:y;}
int main(){
cout<<myMax(10,20)<<endl;
cout<<myMax('a','z')<<endl;
cout<<myMax(-2.5,7.7)<<endl;
}
Function Templates(Generics) -
definition
• We write a generic function that can be used for different
data types. Syntax of an example function -

template <class T>


T myMax(T x, T y){ return x>y?x:y;}

• Other examples could be sort(), max(), min(), printArray(),


show() etc.
Exercise – Make the generic
template of -

void bubbleSort(int a[], int n) {


for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
for (int j = n - 1; i < j; j--)
if (a[j] < a[j - 1])
swap(a[j], a[j - 1]);
}
Answer:
template <class T>
void bubbleSort(T a[], int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
for (int j = n - 1; i < j; j--)
if (a[j] < a[j - 1])
swap(a[j], a[j - 1]);
}
Exercise - Write a template for
int main(){
show(100,"hello hello");
show('k',1500);
show(1.23,2987);
}
Answer:
template <class T1, class T2>
void show(T1 a, T2 b){
cout<<a<<“, “<<b<<endl;
}
Function template with non-type
parameter
• Non-type parameter is not a type (datatype) but a
value e.g. 100
• They are used to initialize a class or to specify the
sizes of class members

• template <class T, int size> // size is the non-type parameter


Function template with non-type
parameter
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template <class T, int size>
void show(T a){cout<<a<<", "<<size;}
int main(){
show <char,10> ('c');
}
Overloading function templates
template <class T1, class T2>
void show(T1 a, T2 b){cout<<a<<", "<<b<<endl;}
void show(int a, int b){cout<<”For integer cases";}
int main(){
show(100,"hello hello");
show(3,3);
}
// Template class example
template <class T>
class Test {
T var;
public:
Test (T i) {var=i;}
T divideBy2 () {return var/2;}
};
int main(){
Test <int> t1(50);
Test <double> t2(-10.20);
cout<<t1.divideBy2()<<" "<<t2.divideBy2()<<endl;
}
Defining function outside the
template class - complicated
template <class T>
class Test {
T var;
public:
Test (T i) {var=i;}
T divideBy2 ();
};
template <class T>
T Test<T> :: divideBy2(){return var/2;} // complicated
// Class template with non-type parameter
template <class T, int n>
class Test {
T var;
public:
Test () {var = n; cout<<"n = "<<n<<endl;}
T divideBy2 () {return var/2;}
};
int main(){
Test <int,10> t1;
Test <double,20> t2;
cout<<t1.divideBy2()<<" "<<t2.divideBy2()<<endl;
}
Output
n = 10
n = 20
5 10

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