What

What is
is computer
computer??
Computer is an electronic device that takes data from
user and then process it, store it, and out put the
result.
 The Five Generations of
Computer
1. First Generation:-1940-1956(Vacuum Tubes):-The
first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory, and were often
enormous, taking up entire rooms. They were very
expensive to operate and in addition to using a great
deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was
often the cause of malfunctions.
2. Second Generation:-1956-63(Transistors):-
Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in
the second generation of computers. The transistor
was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use
in computers until the late 50s.
 3. Third Generation:-1964-1971(Integrated Circuits):-
The development of the integrated circuit was the
hallmark of the third generation of computers.
Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon
chips, called semiconductors, which drastically
increased the speed and efficiency of computers.
instead of punched cards and printouts, users
interacted with third generation computers through
keyboards and monitors and interfaced with and
operating system
4. Fourth Generation:-1971-Present(Microprocessors)
:-The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of
computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were
built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first
generation filled an entire room could now fit in the
palm of the hand. Fourth generation computers also
saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and
handheld devices.
5. Fifth Generation:-Present and Beyond: Artificial
Intelligence :-Fifth generation computing devices,
based on artificial intelligence, are still in
development, though there are some applications
such as voice recognition, that are being used
today. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to
develop devices that respond to natural language
input and are capable of learning and self-
organization.

Types of Computers
1. Microcomputer:- A microcomputer is a computer
that has a microprocessor chip as CPU. They are
often called personal computers because they are
designed to be used by one person at a time.
Personal computers are typically used at home, at
school, or at a business.
2. Minicomputer:- A minicomputer is a multi-user
computer that is less powerful than a mainframe.
This class of computers became available in the
1960’s when large scale integrated circuits made it
possible to build a computer much cheaper than the
then existing mainframes.
3. Mainframe:- A mainframe computer is a large,
powerful computer that handles the processing for
many users simultaneously. The name mainframe
originated after minicomputers appeared in the 1960’s
to distinguish the larger systems from the smaller
minicomputers.
4. Supercomputer:- A supercomputer is mainframe
computer that has been optimized for speed and
processing power. The most famous series of
supercomputers were designed by the company
founded and named after Seymour Cray.
Supercomputers are used for extremely calculation-
intensive tasks such simulating nuclear bomb
detonations, aerodynamic flows, and global weather
patterns.
5. Laptop:- Laptop computer are small and lightweight
enough to be carried around with the user. They run on
battery power, but can also be plugged into a wall
outlet. They typically have a built-in LCD display that
folds down to protect the display when the computer is
carried around.
The parts of computer system
1. Hardware:- The component or device that are
connected to a computer are collectively known as
hardware.
2. Software:- Software is a set of instruction that makes
the computer perform tasks. In other words, software
tells the computer what to do.
3. Data:- Data refers to a collection of organized
information, usually the result of experience, observation
or experiment, other information within a computer
system, or a set of premises.
4. User:- people are the computer operators, known as
user. It can be argued that some computer systems are
complete without a person’s involvement.
 The information processing
cycle
1. Input:- During this part of the cycle, the
computer accepts data from same source,
such as the user or a program, for processing.
2. Processing:- During this part of the cycle,
the computer’s processing components
perform actions on the data, based on
instructions from the user or a program.
3. Output:- Here, the computer may be
required to display the result of its
processing. For example, the result may
appear as text, numbers, or a graphic on the
computer’s screen or as sound on its speaker.
 What is the full form of
computer?
C-commonly
O-operating
M-machine
P-permanently
U-use for
T-trade
E-education
R-research
 Computer

Hardware Software

System Application
Input Device Output Device Software Software
(Keyboard, Mouse, (Printer, Speaker,
Scanner) Monitor) (Windows XP, (Ms word,
Windows 7) Ms excel)
 SYSTEM SOFTWARE
• Operating System: is the system software which
works as an interface between user and computer and
application Software.
• EX-Windows 98, windows XP, Windows 7, Linux, Unix
• Application Software:
– Programming Software: Ex-Java, C++ etc.
– Database Software: Ex-Oracle, FoxPro etc.
– Utilities Soft: Ex-Antivirus, System tools etc.
– Office Suits: Ex- MS Office, Lotus Smart Suits etc.
– Designing & Multimedia: Photoshop, CorelDraw, Flash, 3D
MAX etc.
– Accounting: Ex-Fact, Tally etc
 Memory Measurement
Computer works on binary Number System e.i. 0 and 1
0 or 1 is called a bit.

8 Bit = 1 Byte
4 Bits = 1 NIBBLE
1024 Byte =1 Kilo Byte(KB)
1024 KB =1 Mega Byte(MB)
1024 MB =1 Giga Byte(GB)
1024 GB =1 Tera Byte(TB)
1024 TB =1 Peta Byte(PB)
1024 PB =1 Exa Byte(EB)
 Extension Name
M.S word- .doc
M.S Excel- .xls
M.S power point- .ppt
M.S Paint-.bmp
Note pad- .txt
Word pad- .rtf
Image - .jpeg, .gif, .png, .TIFF
Video - .wmv, .AVI, .mpeg, .mpeg2, .mpeg4(.mp4),
.dat(VCD), .VOB(DVD)
Audio - .wma, .aac, .mpeg3(.mp3)
ABBREVIATION
CPU- Central Processing Unit
SMPS- Switch Mode Power Supply
CD- Compact Disk
GUI- Graphic User Interface
HDD- Hard Disk Drive
FDD- Floppy Disk Drive
RAM- Random Access Memory
ROM- Read Only Memory
UPS- Uninterrupted Power Supply
OS- Operating System
USB- Universal Serial Bus
RDBMS- Relational Data Base Management System
VCD- Video Compact Disk
DVD- Digital Versatile Disk
DOS- Disk Operating System
VM- Virtual Memory