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3 views

AI - content beyond syllabus

Uploaded by

SARANYA M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE IN
AUTONOMOUS
SYSTEMS
Introduction
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) in autonomous systems refers to the use of intelligent
algorithms and machine learning techniques to enable machines to perform tasks
without human intervention.
• Autonomous systems can perceive their environment, make decisions, and act upon
them in real-time, often under dynamic and unpredictable conditions.
• Autonomous systems are self-governing systems capable of carrying out complex
operations with little or no human input. Examples include:
• Self-driving cars
• Autonomous drones
• Robotic vacuum cleaners
• Industrial robots
• Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs)
Role of AI in Autonomous Systems
• AI empowers these systems by providing the core capabilities necessary for autonomy. These include:
• a. Perception
Using sensors (cameras, LiDAR, radar, GPS), autonomous systems gather data. AI techniques like:
Computer Vision
Sensor Fusion
Image Recognition
...are used to interpret this data for object detection, classification, and environmental understanding.
• b. Localization & Mapping
AI helps systems understand “Where am I?” through:
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)
Kalman Filters
Particle Filters
These are crucial for navigation and spatial awareness.
Contd…
• c. Decision-Making & Planning
AI enables systems to decide the best course of action using:
Path Planning Algorithms (A*, RRT, Dijkstra’s)
Reinforcement Learning
Behavior Trees
Rule-Based Systems
• d. Control & Actuation
After deciding, the system needs to act. AI-based controllers help in executing the desired motion or behavior
accurately, often adapting dynamically to changing environments.
• e. Learning & Adaptation
With machine learning, systems improve over time by learning from:
Past experiences
Real-time feedback
Environmental interactions
Key AI Technologies Used
Application Domains
• a. Transportation
Self-driving cars (Tesla, Waymo)
Autonomous trucks and delivery robots
• b. Defense
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
Autonomous submarines
• c. Healthcare
Surgical robots
Patient-assistance robots
• d. Industrial Automation
Smart warehouses
Collaborative robots (cobots) in manufacturing
• e. Agriculture
Autonomous tractors
Drones for crop monitoring
Challenges
Future of AI in Autonomous Systems
• The future will likely see:
• Fully autonomous urban mobility
• Smart city integration
• Swarm robotics
• Human-AI collaborative teams
• Explainable AI for trust and transparency

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