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2-11-14 - Lecture 11- Chapter 6

Chapter 6 discusses ionic bonds and compounds, explaining that atoms form bonds to achieve noble gas electron configurations, which lowers the system's energy. It outlines three types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, and metallic, with a focus on ionic bonds involving electron transfer between metals and non-metals. The chapter also highlights properties of ionic solids, including their crystalline structure, high melting and boiling points, and brittleness.

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2 views13 pages

2-11-14 - Lecture 11- Chapter 6

Chapter 6 discusses ionic bonds and compounds, explaining that atoms form bonds to achieve noble gas electron configurations, which lowers the system's energy. It outlines three types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, and metallic, with a focus on ionic bonds involving electron transfer between metals and non-metals. The chapter also highlights properties of ionic solids, including their crystalline structure, high melting and boiling points, and brittleness.

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CHAPTER 6

Ionic Bonds and


Compounds
Why Form Bonds?
• Atoms form bonds by gaining, losing, or
sharing enough electrons to achieve the
electron configuration of the Noble Gases
• Bond — result of the attraction between 2 or
more atoms or ions, the link between atoms
• Bonding occurs because it lowers
the energy of the system.
Forms of Chemical Bonds
• There are 3 forms of connecting or bonding
atoms:
• Ionic — complete transfer of 1 or more
electrons from one atom to another
Usually between a metal and non-metal
• Covalent — valence electrons shared
between atoms
Usually between two or more non-metals
• Metallic –electrons are shared as a pool
Usually between metal and metal
The three models of chemical
bonding.
Ionic vs. Covalent
Compounds
Ionic
Ionic Bonds
Bonds
Essentially the complete electron transfer from
an element of low ionization energy (metal) to
an element of high electron affinity (nonmetal)

Na(s) + Cl(g)  Na+ + Cl-

Therefore, ionic compounds exist primarily


between metals at left of periodic table and
nonmetals at right.
Lattice Energy at 25°C in kJ/mol

HALIDES

LiF -1046 LiCl -861 LiBr -818 LiI -759


NaF -929 NaCl -787 NaBr -751 NaI -700.
KF -826 KCl -717 KBr -689 KI -645
BeCl2 -3017 MgCl2 -2524 CaCl2 -2260. SrCl2 -2153
MgF2 -2961 CaBr2 -1984

OXIDES

MgO -3850. CaO -3461 SrO -3283 BaO -3114

SULFIDES

MgS -3406 CaS -3119 SrS -2974 BaS -2832


Properties of Ionic
Solids
• Ionic Solids are
crystalline solids
• Due to the strong
attraction between
anion and cation
High melting point
High boiling point
Brittleness
Brittleness of Ionic Solids
Electrical conductance and ion
mobility

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