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Pn junction diode

The document provides an overview of diodes, including their types, functions, and characteristics. It explains the operation of PN junction diodes, their current/voltage behavior in forward and reverse bias configurations, and their applications as rectifiers. Additionally, it describes the testing process for diodes to determine their functionality.

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clairmont taitt
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4 views

Pn junction diode

The document provides an overview of diodes, including their types, functions, and characteristics. It explains the operation of PN junction diodes, their current/voltage behavior in forward and reverse bias configurations, and their applications as rectifiers. Additionally, it describes the testing process for diodes to determine their functionality.

Uploaded by

clairmont taitt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIODES

Prepared by: Clairmont Taitt


Brainstorming

 Have you seen a diode before?

 If YES, What it looks like?

 What it is use it for?


Types of Diodes

 PN junction diodes  Laser diodes


 Light Emitting Diodes (LED)  Zener diodes

 Schottky diodes  Tunnel diodes

 PIN diodes

 Photo diodes
PN Junction Diode
What is a Diode?

 An electrical/electronic device that allows current to flow through


it in one direction

Anode (+) Cathode (-)

Circuit symbol of a PN junction diode

The arrow shows the direction of current flow through the diode.
 It a semiconductor device that has a P (positive) and a N
(negative) junction doped on a pure silicon semiconductor
substrate.

Cathode (-)
 The silver band indicate identifies (silver band)
the cathode (-) lead.

 Just like all other type of semiconductor


devices, a diode has a part number, that
can be used as reference for part
replacement and obtaining device
specifications. Diode part number: 1N4007
IV ( current/voltage) characteristic of a PN junction diode

In the forward bias mode, the Diodes start to


conduct when the voltage across it reaches
0.7V, then the current sharply increases.

The voltage is held constant at 0.7V for


silicon semiconductor diode,

In the reverse bias mode, the Diodes


blocks current, until the voltage reaches its
maximum reverse voltage, Then the diode
breakdown.
Steep increase in diode current
Peak Inverse
Voltage (PIV)
Diode turns ON

Steep increase in Diode


reverse current leakage
current
Diode is
destroyed

Fig:1a. IV ( current/voltage) characteristic graph of a PN junction diode


Diode Diode Current /Voltage (IV) Characteristic
current(mA
voltage
)
25 of IN4007 diode

Diode current (mA)


0 0 20
0.1 0
0.2 0
15
0.3 0.01
0.4 0.04
10
0.5 0.26
0.6 2.22
5
0.68 12.15
0.7 19.47
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Voltage (volts)

Fig:1b. IV ( current/voltage) characteristic graph of a IN4007 junction diode


Forward bias configuration of diode

 The positive of the supply (+) connects


to the positive of the diode (anode)and
the negative of the supply (-) connects
to the negative of the diode (cathode)

 Depletion region is very thin

 Diode conducts current


Fig: 2a. Diode connected in
 Resistance is very low and only
Forward bias mode
0.7V is dropped across diode
Reverse bias configuration of diode

 The positive of the supply (+) connects


to the negative of the diode (cathode)
and the negative of the supply (-)
connects to the positive of the diode
(anode)

 Depletion region widens, thus


increase resistance infinitely.
 Diode blocks the flow of current Fig: 2b. Diode connected in
reverse bias mode
 The voltage across diode is
equal the voltage supplied to it.
Diode as a rectifier

A Rectifier is an electronic device or circuit that converts alternating


current (AC) to direct current (DC).
Since AC flows in both direction, and DC flows in only one direction.
Therefore a diode can be used as a rectifier since it allows current to
flow through it in one direction, while blocking current in the other
direction.

Alternating Current (AC) Pulsating Direct Current (DC)


Half wave Rectifier
 As the name implies “only rectifies half of the AC
cycle

 Simplest of rectifiers

 Consist of one diode

 Less efficient than


other methods
Fig:1. Circuit diagram illustrating the operation of a half wave rectifier
Full wave Rectifier

 As the name implies “ rectifies the full AC cycle”

 Easier to provide smoothing as a result of


ripple frequency being twice that of half
wave rectifier.

 Consist of two or four diodes.

 More efficient than the


half wave rectifier.
Fig:2a. Circuit diagram illustrating the operation of a centre tapped full
wave rectifier ( rectifying first half of AC cycle)
Fig:2b. Circuit diagram illustrating the operation of a centre tapped full
wave rectifier ( rectifying second half of AC cycle)
Full wave Bridge Rectifier

 rectifies the full AC cycle

 Uses four(4) rectifier diodes


arrange in the form a “bridge”,
hence the name “bridge rectifier”
Fig:3a. Circuit diagram illustrating the operation of a full bridge wave
rectifier ( rectifying first half of AC cycle)
Fig:3b. Circuit diagram illustrating the operation of a full bridge wave
rectifier ( rectifying second half of AC cycle)
Fig:3c. illustrating showing the change of polarity and current flow
during the rectification process
Comparing methods of Rectification

Fig:4a. Table showing comparison of half wave, full wave centre-tap and
full wave bridge rectifier
Application of Diodes

 used to convert AC mains +


(line) voltage to DC. Rectifier
AC in DC out
Module
-

 Protect against reverse transient


voltage
 Polarity protection

 Use as a demodulator or
detector device
Testing a Diodes
 Rotate scale selector switch to
diode check scale
 Touch meter leads together to
ensure continuity
 Place positive lead (+) on the
anode (+) lead of the diode,
then Place negative lead (-) on
the cathode (-) lead of the diode
 A reading should be displayed
on the screen as shown in a
diagram.
 Now, place positive lead (+) on
the cathode (-) lead of the
diode, then Place negative lead
(-) on the anode (+) lead of the
diode

 A reading should be displayed


on the screen as shown in a
diagram. Which actually mean
the diode isn’t conducting
because its reverse bias

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