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Chapter 1 Introduction to Electronics

This chapter introduces the fundamentals of electronics, including the definition, classification of electronic components, and the distinction between analog and digital signals. It outlines the roles of passive and active components, as well as the characteristics of analog and digital electronics. The chapter also provides examples of electronic components and their applications in circuits.

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Pro Rajesh
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6 views12 pages

Chapter 1 Introduction to Electronics

This chapter introduces the fundamentals of electronics, including the definition, classification of electronic components, and the distinction between analog and digital signals. It outlines the roles of passive and active components, as well as the characteristics of analog and digital electronics. The chapter also provides examples of electronic components and their applications in circuits.

Uploaded by

Pro Rajesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MMJ32803 ELECTRONICS AND MICROPROCESSOR

CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS

BY:
DR. MARIAM MAJID
FKTM
UNIMAP
Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:

✔Understand the basic of electronics and application


✔Classify the electronic components
✔Distinguish between analog and digital representation
✔Cite the advantage and drawbacks of digital techniques compared with
analog
1.1 BASIC CONCEPT OF ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATION

Electronics Definition

- Electronics is the branch of science that deals with the study of flow and control of electrons
(electricity) and the study of their behavior and effects in vacuums, gases, and
semiconductors, and with devices using such electrons.
- This control of electrons is accomplished by devices (electronic components) that resist, carry,
select, steer, switch, store, manipulate, and exploit the electron.
- Electronic components are the basic building blocks of an electronic circuit any electronic system
or any electronic device
Types of electronic components:

1. Capacitors
2. Diodes
3. Integrated Circuits or Ics
4. Magnetic or Inductive Components
5. Network Components.
6. Piezoelectric devices, crystals, resonators
7. Resistors
8. Semiconductors
9. Switches
10.Terminals and Connectors
11.Transistors
Example:

Artwork: Microwave ovens are powered by electric


cables (gray) that plug into the wall. The cables
supply electricity that powers high-current
electrical circuits and low-current electronic ones.

The high-current electrical circuits power the


magnetron (blue), the device that makes the
waves that cook your food, and rotate the
turntable. The low-current electronic circuits (red)
control these high-powered circuits, and things like
the numeric display unit.
1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

a) Passive electronic components


Passive Electronic Components
are those that do not have
gain, do not need external
power source to operate
actively.

They mainly resist, store, or


control the flow of electric
current or voltage in a circuit
without actively amplifying
or generating signals.

They are also called Electrical


elements or electrical
components. e.g. Resistors,
Capacitors, Diodes,
Inductors.
b) Active electronic components
Active Electronic Components
are those that have gain or
need external power source
to work

These components can


amplify, switch, or generate
electrical signals. Capable of
performing active functions like
amplification, rectification
and switching.

e.g. Transistors, Integrated


Circuits (IC), Logic Gates.
1.3 CONCEPT OF ANALOG AND DIGITAL QUATITIES

Analog:

- Analog electronics involves quantities with continuous values.


- An analog signal is sampled or tested repeatedly over a period of time to
determine the characteristic that contains the analog quantity.
- Examples: time, pressure, distance, sound, and temperature (or any quantities that
cannot change abruptly, instantaneously)
- analog models assume that voltages and currents change over a range of real
numbers, e.g., voltage vary from −12 to 12V • necessary for interfacing to real world
signals, e.g., audio, video, sensors, ... • models are in the form of continuous
functions relating terminal voltages and currents, e.g., v = iR for a resistor
Digital:

- Digital electronics involves quantities with discrete values, can be measured


quantitatively occur in nature
- Examples: air temperature sampled at a given period
- digital models assume voltages can only take one of two values called logic levels, e.g.,
0V corresponds to logic level 0 and 3.3V corresponds to logic level 1 • hide details of
actual voltage waveforms to simplify circuit design and functional verification of digital
systems (need analog models to verify timing and power consumption) • models are in
the form of truth tables or boolean expressions
1.4 BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

Simple resistor circuit


ATTENDANCE
WEEK 1

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