Morphology and
Standard
Orthography of the
Mother Tongue (MT)
Objectives
a. Describe the morphological features of
nominals, pronominals, verbs, adjectives,
and adverbs in MT.
b. Design an instructional plan using
concepts of morphological features in
Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual
Education (MTB-MLE).
What is
Morphology?
The study of word structure and how
words are formed from morphemes
• Morpheme is the smallest unit of
meaning
It focuses on how root words and affixes
build different word classes
Nominals (Nouns)
• Refers to people, places, things, ideas.
Common morphological markers:
- Pang-, Ka-, -an, Pag-, -an
- Example: bata → kabataan, aral → paaralan
Pronominals (Pronouns)
• Words that replace nouns (e.g., ako, ikaw,
siya)
• Categories:
• Personal: ako, kami, siya
• Demonstrative: ito, iyan, iyon
• Interrogative: sino, ano, alin
Verbs 1
• Show action or state of being
Morphological markers for
tense/aspect:
• Mag-, Nag-, -um-, Na-, Pag-
- Lakad → naglakad, lumakad,
maglalakad
- Verb focus/voice system (actor-focus,
object-focus, etc.)
Adjectives 1
• Describe or modify nouns
• Reduplication used for intensity (e.g.,
ganda → maganda → gandang-ganda)
- Prefixes like “ma-” (e.g., maitim, maganda)
- Comparative and superlative forms: mas
maganda, pinakamaganda
Adverbs 1
• Modify verbs, adjectives, or other
adverbs
• Often formed by adding:
• - Ka-...-an (e.g., kabagalan)
• - Pagka- or reduplication (bagal →
pagkabagal, bagal-bagal)
• - Can express time, manner, place,
frequency, etc.
Iba't Ibang Uri ng Pang-
abay( Adverb ) Batay sa Sinasagot
1
na Tanong
1. Pang-abay na Pamanahon (Time)
Sinasagot ang tanong: Kailan?
Halimbawa:
Mamaya tayo pupunta sa tindahan.
Iba't Ibang Uri ng Pang-
abay( Adverb ) Batay sa Sinasagot
1
na Tanong
2. Pang-abay na Pamaraan (Manner)
Sinasagot ang tanong: Paano?
Halimbawa:
Naglakad siya nang dahan-dahan para hindi
magising ang bata.
Iba't Ibang Uri ng Pang-
abay( Adverb ) Batay sa Sinasagot
1
na Tanong
3. Pang-abay na Panlunan (Place)
Sinasagot ang tanong: Saan?
Halimbawa:
Maghintay ka dito habang bumibili ako n
pagkain.
Iba't Ibang Uri ng Pang-
abay( Adverb ) Batay sa Sinasagot
1
na Tanong
4. Pang-abay na Pananawan / Panunura
(Frequency)
Sinasagot ang tanong: Gaano kadalas?
Halimbawa:
Palagi siyang late sa klase tuwing Lunes.
What is Standard
• The standardized system of writing a language
It Covers:
Orthography?
• Alphabet use
Filipino, we use the 28-letter alphabet
(A-Z + Ñ + NG).
What is Standard
• The standardized system of writing a language
It Covers:
Orthography?
• Spelling and punctuation
-Correct use of period (.), comma (,),
question mark (?), etc.
Example:
Tama: Kumain ka na ba?
Mali: kumain kana ba
What is Standard
• The standardized system of writing a language
It Covers:
Orthography?
• Word division and capitalization
Halimbawa:
Mali: Maga-aral
Tama: Mag- aaral
What is Standard
• The standardized system of writing a language
It Covers:
Orthography?
• Capitalization
Halimbawa:
Tama: Si Anna ay nasa Cebu tuwing Lunes.
Mali: si anna ay nasa cebu tuwing lunes.
Examples of Standard Orthography
Rules
• Use of the 28-letter Filipino alphabet
• Proper use of ng, nang, din/rin, raw/daw
• Hyphenation in reduplication: araw-araw
• Capitalization of proper nouns: Ginoo
Reyes, Buwan ng Wika
Sample Instructional
Plan: Using Morphology
in MTB-MLE
Sample Instructional Plan: Using
Morphology in MTB-MLE
• Grade Level: Grade 2
• Subject: Mother Tongue
• Duration: 45 minutes
• Topic: Forming nouns and adjectives using
affixes
Sample Instructional Plan: Using
Morphology in MTB-MLE
1. Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, learners will be able to:
• Identify root words and affixes
• Form new words using affixes (e.g., aral → mag-
aral, paaralan)
• Apply new words in sentences
Sample Instructional Plan: Using
Morphology in MTB-MLE
2. Activities:
- Word sorting game
- Affix matching activity
- Writing simple descriptive
sentences
Sample Instructional Plan: Using
Morphology in MTB-MLE
3. Assessment:
- Create a mini-dictionary with root
words and their affixed forms
Integration in MTB-
MLE
Teaching morphology develops reading and writing
skills in MT
Helps learners decode unfamiliar words
Encourages vocabulary expansion and sentence
construction
Supports learners in transitioning to other languages
later on
Conclus • Morphology and standard
1
ion orthography are essential
developing literacy in MT
in
• Understanding word structures
boosts learners' confidence and
comprehension
• Well-planned MTB-MLE lessons
ensure effective language learning
ThankYou!
