Different types of

concrete
 Autoclaved aerated
concrete
It is a lightweight, precast building
material that simultaneously
provides structure, insulation, and
fire resistance.
 Besides AAC's insulating capability,
one of its advantages in
construction is its quick and easy
installation, for the material can be
routed, sanded, and cut to size on
site using standard carbon steel
bandsaws, hand saws, and drills.
 It has been refined into a highly
thermally insulating concrete-based
material used for both internal and
external construction.
 AAC material can be coated with a
stucco compound or plaster against
the elements.
 Asphalt Concrete
 Asphalt concrete is a
composite material
commonly used in
construction projects such
as road surfaces, airports
and parking lots.
 It consists of asphalt (used
as a binder) and mineral
aggregate mixed together,
then laid down in layers
and compacted.
 It is also increasingly used
as the core for
embankment dams.
 Biorock - Seacrete
 Biorock, also known as Seacrete, is
a substance formed by electro-
accumulation of minerals dissolved in
seawater.
 The building process, popularly called
accretion
 The biorock building process grows
cement-like engineering structures
and marine ecosystems, often for
mariculture of corals, oysters, clams,
lobsters and fish in salt water.
 It works by passing a small electrical
current through electrodes in the
water.
 The structure grows more or less
without limit as long as current flows.
 Ferrocement
 The term ferrocement is most
commonly applied to a mixture
of Portland cement and sand
reinforced with layers of woven
or expanded steel mesh and
closely spaced small-diameter
steel rods rebar.
 It can be used to form relatively
thin, compound curved sheets to
make hulls for boats, shell roofs,
water tanks, etc
Ferrocement
Bench
 Fiber-Reinforced
Concrete
 Fiber-reinforced concrete
(FRC) is concrete containing
fibrous material which increases
its structural integrity.
 It contains short discrete fibers
that are uniformly distributed and
randomly oriented. Fibers include
steel fibers, glass fibers, synthetic
fibers and natural fibers.
 Lunacrete
 Lunarcrete, also known
as "Mooncrete", an idea
first proposed by Larry A.
Beyer of the University of
Pittsburgh in 1985, is a
hypothetical aggregate
building material, similar
to concrete, formed from
lunar regolith, that would
cut the construction costs
of building on the Moon
 Terrazzo
 Terrazzo is a composite material poured in
place or precast, which is used for floor and
wall treatments.
 It consists of marble, quartz, granite, glass
or other suitable chips, sprinkled or
unsprinkled, and poured with a binder that is
cementitious, chemical or a combination of
both.
 Terrazzo is cured, ground and polished to a
smooth surface or otherwise finished to
produce a uniformly textured surface.
 LiTraCon

 LiTraCon is a trademark for a

translucent concrete building
material. The name is short for
"light-transmitting concrete".
 The technical data sheet from the
manufacturer says the material is
made of 96% concrete and 4% by
weight of optical fibers, it was
developed in 2001 by Hungarian
architect Áron Losonczi working
with scientists at the Technical
University of Budapest.
 Pykrete
 Pykrete is a composite material made
of approximately 14 percent sawdust or
some other form of wood pulp (such as
paper) and 86 percent ice by weight.
 Its use was proposed during World War II
by Geoffrey Pyke to the British Royal
Navy as a candidate material for making
a huge, unsinkable aircraft carrier.
 Pykrete has some interesting properties,
notably its relatively slow melting rate
(because of low thermal conductivity),
and its vastly improved strength and
toughness over unmodified (crystalline)
ice; it is closer in form to concrete.
 Pykrete is slightly more difficult to form
than concrete, as it expands during the
freezing process. However, it can be
repaired and maintained using seawater.
 The mixture can be moulded into any
shape and frozen, and it will be
extremely tough and durable, as long as
it is kept at or below freezing.
 Silica Fume
 Silica fume is added to Portland
cement concrete to improve its
properties, in particular its
compressive strength, bond strength,
and abrasion resistance.
 These improvements stem from both
the mechanical improvements
resulting from addition of a very fine
powder to the cement paste mix as
well as from the pozzolanic reactions
between the silica fume and free
calcium hydroxide in the paste.
 Addition of silica fume also reduces
the permeability of concrete to
chloride ions, which protects the
reinforcing steel of concrete from
corrosion, especially in chloride-rich
environments such as coastal regions
and those of humid continental
roadways and runways (because of
the use of deicing salts) and
saltwater bridges.
 Photocatalyst
s
 Photocatalysts, Self-Cleaning Concrete:
When used on or in a concrete structure,
photocatalysts decompose organic materials
that foul the surface.
 The organic compounds affected by
photocatalysts include dirt (soot, grime, oil
and particulates) biological organisms (mold,
algae, bacteria and allergens), air-borne
pollutants (VOCs including formaldehyde and
benzene; tobacco smoke; and the nitrous
oxides (NOx) and sulfuric oxides (SOx) that
are significant factors in smog), and even the
chemicals that cause odors.
 The catalyzed compounds break down into
oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, sulfate,
nitrate and other molecules that are either
beneficial to or at have a relatively benign
impact on the environment.
 Most inorganic pollutants and stains,
including rust, are not catalyzed.
White Cement Concrete
 White cement concrete: White Portland
cement is used in combination with white
aggregates to produce white concrete for
prestige construction projects and decorative
work. White concrete usually takes the form of
pre-cast cladding panels, since it is not
economical to use white cement for structural
purposes.
 White Portland cement is also used in
combination with inorganic pigments to
produce brightly colored concretes and
mortars.
 Ordinary cement, when used with pigments,
produces colors that may be attractive, but are
somewhat dull.
 With white cement, bright reds, yellows and
greens can be readily produced.
 Blue concrete can also be made, at some
expense.
 The pigments may be added at the concrete
mixer.
 Alternatively, to guarantee repeatable color,
some manufacturers supply ready-blended
colored cements, using white cement as a
base.
 Papercrete
 Papercrete is an alternative construction
material made from a paper-like fibrous
material mixed, Portland cement and clay
or soil. Papercrete dates back to 1928
when it was first patented.
 Since the late 80′s Papercrete has had
renewed interest as an alternative or
environmentally friendly building material
due the amount recycled paper used to
make it.
 The fiber in Papercrete makes it fairly
flexible which tends to crack less than
stucco mixes.
 It is commonly used in earthbag and
rounded or domed structures. Once dry it
has a fibrous texture and gray in color.
 Recycled Aggregate
Concrete
 The reuse of hardened concrete as aggregate
is a proven technology - it can be crushed and
reused as a partial replacement for natural
aggregate in new concrete construction.
 The hardened concrete can be sourced either
from the demolition of concrete structures at
the end of their life – recycled concrete
aggregate, or from leftover fresh concrete
which is purposefully left to harden – leftover
concrete aggregate.
 Alternatively fresh concrete which is leftover
or surplus to site requirements can be
recovered by separating out the wet fines
fraction and the coarse aggregate for reuse in
concrete manufacture – recovered concrete
aggregate.
 Additionally, waste materials from other
industries such as crushed glass can be used
as secondary aggregates in concrete. All these
processes avoid dumping to landfill whilst
conserving natural aggregate resources, and
are a better environmental option.
 Ductal Concrete
 Ductal is a proprietary pre-mixed ultra-
high performance concrete whose
physical characteristics exceed those of
common concrete used in the
construction of buildings.
 Ductal has high compressive strength
and flexural resistance compared to
other concretes.
 It also has high durability, abrasion
resistance, and chemical/environmental
resistances (e.g. freeze and thaw, salt
water, etc.).
 Due to these properties, Ductal can be
used in thinner cross-sections and in
more varied applications than common
concrete. Ductal is almost self-placing
and is best suited for precast elements
or in-situ repair or upgrade works.
 Superplasticizers
 The use of superplasticizers (high range water
reducer) has become a quite common
practice.
 This class of water reducers were originally
developed in Japan and Germany in the early
1960s; they were introduced in the United
States in the mid-1970s.
 They allow for increased workability without
the addition of any additional water.
 Superplasticizers are linear polymers
containing sulfonic acid groups attached to the
polymer backbone at regular intervals .
 Most of the commercial formulations belong to
one of four families:
 Sulfonated melamine-formaldehyde
condensates (SMF) Sulfonated naphthalene-
formaldehyde condensates (SNF) Modified
lignosulfonates (MLS) Polycarboxylate
derivatives
 Polymer Concrete

 Polymer concrete is part of group of concretes that use polymers to

supplement or replace cement as a binder.

 The types include polymer-impregnated concrete, polymer concrete,

and polymer-Portland-cement concrete.

 In polymer concrete, thermosetting resins are used as the principal

polymer component due to their high thermal stability and resistance

to a wide variety of chemicals.

 Polymer concrete is also composed of aggregates that include silica,

quartz, granite, limestone, and other high quality material.

 Porous Concrete
 Cellular Concrete products are lightweight
materials produced by blending a cementitious
slurry with a stable, three-dimensional pre-
formed foam meeting ASTM C869.
 The foam is produced by diluting a liquid
concentrate with water, then pressurizing it
with air and forcing it through a conditioning
nozzle.
 The foam is then blended with a base mix
consisting of cement, fly ash, water and
sometimes aggregate.
 Light Weight Concrete
 Regular concrete with microscopic air bubbles added
up to 7% is called air entrained concrete.
 It is generally used for increasing the workability of
wet concrete and reducing the freeze-thaw damage
by making it less permeable to water absorption.
 Conventional air entrainment admixtures, while
providing relatively stable air in small quantities,
have a limited range of application and aren't well
suited for specialty lightweight mix designs.
 It has traditionally been made using
such aggregates as expanded shale,
clay, vermiculite, pumice, and scoria
among others.
 Decreasing the weight and density
produces significant changes which
improves many properties of concrete,
both in placement and application.
 Today foams are available which have
a high degree of compatibility with
many of the admixtures currently used
in modern concrete
Lightweight aggregates
Lightweight concrete and mortar
 Heavy weight
 Heavy weight aggregate
 High cost and segregation.

Underwater concrete

 Non dispersal admixtures.

 Any concrete may be placed under water if precautions
are used to avoid washout.
 Ultra high Strength
 Super plasticisers (high range water reducers)
 In-situ de-watering (for slabs)
 Must have strong aggregate
 High durability (e.g abrasion and carbonation resistance)
 High early strength allows faster construction and
formwork reuse
 Increased elastic modulus and lower creep
 Very tall buildings become feasible
 Smaller columns allow for more floor space
 Box girder and solid girder bridge spans may be
increased and designs simplified
 Disadvantages of HSC
 Increased cost per unit volume
 More quality control of materials and
construction needed
 Timing of concrete delivery and addition of
admixtures becomes critical.
 Stiffness (modulus) does not increase in
proportion to strength.
 More than 28 days may be required to reach
specified strength
 Use of HSC not covered by codes
 Self-Compacting Concrete
 Doesn’t need any vibration, self
flowable concrete
Important properties
Self-compactability
Avoidance of bleeding and segregation
Low shrinkage
Low permeability
Strength as needed
Thank you!