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SW Monsoon Semi Permanent

The document discusses the semi-permanent features of the South-West Monsoon, including the Mascarene High, Monsoon Trough, and Heat Low, which significantly influence monsoon patterns from June to September. It highlights the role of the Low Level Jet and Tropical Easterly Jet in rainfall distribution, as well as the impact of the Tibetan Plateau on monsoon flow. These features are characterized by their variability in intensity and location, affecting overall monsoon behavior.

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singh999pritam
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18 views13 pages

SW Monsoon Semi Permanent

The document discusses the semi-permanent features of the South-West Monsoon, including the Mascarene High, Monsoon Trough, and Heat Low, which significantly influence monsoon patterns from June to September. It highlights the role of the Low Level Jet and Tropical Easterly Jet in rainfall distribution, as well as the impact of the Tibetan Plateau on monsoon flow. These features are characterized by their variability in intensity and location, affecting overall monsoon behavior.

Uploaded by

singh999pritam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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South-West Monsoon

Semi Permanent Features

Seasonal reversal of winds


From NE to SW flow
Semi Permanent Features-SW Monsoon

Mascarene High Tibetan


Heat Monsoon
High
Low Trough
Heat low
LLJS
Monsoon Trough TEJ

Low Level Jet Stream

Tropical Easterly Jet


Mascarene High

Tibetan high
Why are these features called Semi Permanent?

• These features are not permanent in nature

• They are only seen during monsoon season (Jun-Sep).

• They vary in intensity and location which in turn affect


the SW Monsoon
Important Features Observed On Surface Charts-
Mascarene High Pressure Area

•This high pressure area forms


in South Indian Ocean over
Mascarene Islands (group of
Islands East of Madagascar)

•Its normal position is around


30⁰S and 50 ⁰ E.
1024
•The normal pressure is around
1024 hPa
A
Important Features Observed On Surface Charts-
Mascarene High Pressure Area

•SE’ly winds originate from the


Mascarene High

•The winds move towards


Somalia coast and cross Somali Coast
equator

•Under the influence of


Coriolis force due Earth’s
rotation, the winds become
SW’ly on crossing Equator
over Arabian Sea.
Important Features Observed On Surface Charts-
Monsoon Trough

• Monsoon Trough passes


through Ganganagar-
Allahabad- Calcutta to Head
Bay Head
Bay

•Generally heavy rainfall is


likely in areas south of the
trough
GGN

ALH
KOL

Head
Bay
Southwest Monsoon-Important Features on Surface Charts
Heat low

•Low Pressure Area due intense


summer heating forms over NW
Rajasthan and adjoining Pakistan
L
• Heating of Indian subcontinent L
starts from March

•In March heat low is seen over L


peninsular India

•In April over Madhya Pradesh and L


further shifts northwest wards and in
May it seen over Punjab

•During monsoon months of June to


September heat low is seen over NW
Rajasthan
Southwest Monsoon-Important Features on Surface Charts
Heat low

•Surface pressure in heat low is


inversely proportional to
rainfall in Central and Northern
India.

•Thus intensity of heat low


controls rainfall

•The heat low is shallow and


extends upto 850 hPa.
Important Features Observed- Upper Air Charts
Low Level Jet (LLJ)

850 hPa
(5000 ft)

LLJ appears between 11-14°N as strong winds (40-60 Kts)


at 850 hPa (5000 ft)

15 ° N
15 ° N
LLJ
10 ° N
10 ° N
Important Features Observed- Upper Air Charts -(850hpa)
Low Level Jet

• Low
Level Jet (LLJ) is also
known as Somali Jet

• The SE’ly winds after


crossing equator hits Somali
coast and becomes SW’ly in
Arabian sea

• LLJ when strong gives very


heavy rainfall
Important Features Observed On Upper Air Charts
Tropical Easterly Jet
• Observed in Upper Air chart of 150 hPa (45000 Ft),(16 km ASL )
• Seen over Chennai latitude (around 13°N)
• Easterly winds of Max speed 80-150 Kt is seen

TROPICAL EASTERLY JET (TEJ))


Tibetan High Pressure Area

•The Plateau plays a vital role in


Southwest Monsoon

•SW Monsoon flow gets


H
obstructed by Himalayas and
Tibetan Plateau

•Tibetan plateau is a huge land


mass(2,500 x1000 km)

•It is at height of about 4.5 km


ASL (Approx 15,000 Ft)
Tibetan High Pressure Area
• During Monsoon, high
pressure area observed over
Tibetan plateau at 200hpa
(45,000ft)

•Relative position of Tibetan


High influences Indian monsoon
• SE-ward shift from normal
position leads to decrease
in rainfall activity

• W or WNW ward shift leads


to increase in rainfall activity

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