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Forest Ecosystem

A forest ecosystem consists of various biotic and abiotic components, including trees, soil, animals, and climate factors. There are several types of forest ecosystems, such as tropical evergreen, tropical deciduous, temperate evergreen, temperate deciduous, and taiga/boreal forests, each with distinct characteristics and flora and fauna. In India, forests cover about 18-20% of the land area, playing a crucial role in the environment.

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7 views

Forest Ecosystem

A forest ecosystem consists of various biotic and abiotic components, including trees, soil, animals, and climate factors. There are several types of forest ecosystems, such as tropical evergreen, tropical deciduous, temperate evergreen, temperate deciduous, and taiga/boreal forests, each with distinct characteristics and flora and fauna. In India, forests cover about 18-20% of the land area, playing a crucial role in the environment.

Uploaded by

tanmayamathpal.4321
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FOREST

ECOSYSTEM
WHAT IS A FOREST
ECOSYSTEM?
A forest ecosystem is an ecosystem of forests and resources.
Forests are renewable natural resources.
Forests are formed by a group of plants that are structurally defined
by their trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers, and ground cover.
Soil, animals, insects, microorganisms, and birds are the most
important interacting units of a forest ecosystem. In India, the
forests occupy about 18-20% of the total land area.
WHAT IS A FOREST
ECOSYSTEM?
1. Abiotic Components of the forest include inorganic and organic
components present in the soil along with temperature, rainfall,
light, etc.
WHAT IS A FOREST
ECOSYSTEM?
2. Biotic Components are represented by producers, consumers,
and decomposers.

Producers Consumers Decomposers


WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF
FOREST ECOSYSTEMS?
1. Tropical Evergreen Rainforest
2. Tropical Deciduous Rainforest
3. Temperate Evergreen Forest
4. Temperate Deciduous Forest 1 2
5. Taiga/Boreal

5 4 3
1. TROPICAL EVERGREEN
RAINFOREST
The trees are evergreen as there is no period of drought. They are mostly tall and
hardwood(flower trees).
The tropical wet evergreen forest in India is usually found in areas receiving more
than 200 cm of rainfall and having a temperature of 15-30 degrees Celsius.
They occupy about 7% of the earth’s surface.
They are found mostly near the equator.
They have sparse undergrowth interspersed with clearings
They have a scarce presence of litter (organic matter settling on the ground)
These forests are dense and multi-layered.
1.1 FLORA AND FAUNA

Ebon Mahogan Elephant Monkeys


y y s

Rosewo Rubber Lemur Deer


od Chinchona
2. TROPICAL DECIDUOUS
RAINFOREST
They are called Monsoon Forests
Rainfall is in the range of 70-200 cms in Deciduous Forests
A long dry season followed by heavy rainfall season is a feature of the regions
where these forests are found
There are two types of Deciduous Forests:
Moist Deciduous Forests – Mixture of Trees and Grasses
Dry Deciduous Forests
As the name goes, tropical deciduous forests are found along the Equator belt
between the tropic of Cancer and tropic of Capricorn.
The humidity in these forests lie in the range of 80-90 per cent
30 degree Celsius is the average temperature of tropical deciduous forests
2.1 TYPES OF DECIDUOUS
FORESTS – MOIST
DECIDUOUS AND DRY
DECIDUOUS FORESTS
Features Moist
Deciduous
Forests
Dry
Deciduous
Forests
Species •Teak
•Sal
•Shisham
•Tendu
•Palas
•Amaltas
•Hurra •Bel
Rainfall 100-200 cms 70-100 cms •Mahua •Khair
Mean Annual •Amla •Axlewood
Temperature •Semul
– •Kusum
27-degree •Sandalwood
celsius
Annual
Relative
Humidity –
60-75 per
cent
MOIST DECIDUOUS AND DRY
DECIDUOUS FORESTS
Other Open grass •The wetter •These forests have a parkland
Features patches are margins of landscape with open stretches
found in these forests in higher rainfall regions of
these forests transition Peninsula; in which teak and
into Moist other trees interspersed with
deciduous patches of grass are common.
forests while
the direr •In the dry season, the trees of
margins these forests shed their leaves
make a completely turn the forest into
transition a vast grassland with naked
into thorn trees all around.
forests
2.2 FLORA AND FAUNA

Teak Bambo Tiger Pig


o

Sa Sheesha Tortoi Deer


l m se
3. TEMPERATE EVERGREEN
FOREST
Temperate evergreen forest is a type of forest that is characterised
by a smaller number of trees but an adequate number of ferns and
mosses.

Temperate evergreen forests refer to the forests that are restricted


to the heavy rainfall areas of Western Ghats, as well as the island
groups of Lakshadweep, Andaman, and Nicobar, parts of upper
Assam and Tamil Nadu. They tend to be in a good state if there is
more than 200 m of rainfall with shorter dry seasons.
It has evergreen plants. These woods are generally overwhelmed
by bigger trees. Mild evergreen backwoods have differing widely
varied vegetation. Temperate evergreen forests are tracked down in
regions with warm and cold climates. They are overwhelmed by
bigger trees that are evergreen.
Conife Goat Racoon
Little leaved
Conifer r

Forest
Pinaceae Soil
(Pih-NAY-see- Reindeer
ee)
4. TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS
FOREST
A temperate deciduous forest is a biome that has many deciduous
trees which drop their leaves in the fall. These forests are also
known as broad-leaf forests because the trees have wide, flat
leaves.
Temperate deciduous forests lie in the mid-latitude areas of the
Earth, between the Arctic poles and the tropics.
These biomes are exposed to warm and cold air masses, causing
them to have four seasons: winter, spring, summer and fall.
As winter approaches and daylight decreases, the production of
chlorophyll in the leaves slows and eventually stops, revealing the
bright red, yellow and orange colors we associate with fall.
FLORA AND FAUNA

Maple Indian
Cheetah
Birch Fox

Fenugree
k
Redbu Indian Giant Indian Fox
5. TAIGA/BOREAL
Taiga, biome (major life zone) of vegetation composed primarily of
cone-bearing needle-leaved or scale-leaved evergreen trees, found
in northern circumpolar forested regions characterized by long
winters and moderate to high annual precipitation.
The taiga, “land of the little sticks” in Russian, takes its name from
the collective term for the northern forests of Russia, especially
Siberia.

The taiga, which is also known as the boreal (meaning northern)


forest region, occupies about 17 percent of Earth’s land surface area
in a circumpolar belt of the far Northern Hemisphere. Northward
beyond this limit, the taiga merges into the circumpolar tundra.
Trees reach the highest latitudes of any trees on Earth. Plants and
animals in the taiga are adapted to short growing seasons of long
days that vary from cool to warm. Winters are long and very cold,
the days are short, and a persistent snowpack is the norm.
FLORA AND FAUNA

Wolf

Pine
Conife
r

Reindee
Spruce
r

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