WINDOW TYPE

11 Types of Windows used in Buildings

What is a
A window is an architectural opening in a wall or roof of a
window? building, designed to allow light, air, and sometimes
sound to pass through while providing protection from the
elements and other environmental factors. Windows are
typically made of transparent or translucent materials,
such as glass or plastic, although historically, they could
be made of materials like paper, animal hide, or wood.
 Fun Fact!
33 Thomas Street in New York
City
● 33 Thomas Street (formerly the AT&T Long Lines Building) is a
550-foot-tall (170 m) windowless skyscraper in Lower
Manhattan, New York City, United States.
● The Long Lines network was used to carry television signals,
such as network television shows and news, as well as
important military data.
● “The tallest blank wall in the world”
● “One of the most secure buildings in America”
● Still used for telephone switching, but some of the space is
also used for highly secure datacenters.
 Different use of windows in
Building
There are different types of windows used in building construction to
provide ventilation, and view. The selection of suitable windows in a
particular place should be dependent on the following factors.

● Location of room
● Size of room
● Direction of wind
● Climatic conditions
● Utility of room
 1.Fixed windows
are windows in a building that cannot be
opened or moved. They are permanently sealed
in place and do not have any hinges or
mechanisms to open or close them. Fixed
windows are typically used for purposes like
providing natural light or a view, but they don't
offer ventilation like windows that can be
opened.
1.Fixed windows
Advantages of Fixed Windows:

Energy Efficiency: They provide excellent insulation, reducing

heat loss or gain.
Security: Cannot be easily opened from the outside, enhancing
security.
Aesthetics: Offer a sleek, modern appearance with
uninterrupted views.

Disadvantages of Fixed Windows:

Limited Ventilation: They do not allow for airflow, which can be

a drawback in some areas.
Maintenance: Harder to clean the exterior since they can't be
opened.
Emergency Egress: In case of a fire, they may not provide a
means of escape.
Commonly Used
in:
 2. Sliding
Windows
are windows that open horizontally by sliding
one pane of glass over another. Instead of
swinging open like a door, they move sideways
on a track. This allows for easy opening and
closing while conserving space, making them
great for areas with limited room for a swinging
window.
2. Sliding
Windows
Advantages of Sliding Windows:

Space-Efficient: They don't need space to swing open,

making them ideal for small rooms.
Easy Operation: Simple horizontal sliding for opening and
closing.
Contemporary Look: Modern and clean design.
Good Ventilation: Allows for partial opening to let in fresh
air.

Disadvantages of Sliding Windows:

Limited Opening: Only half of the window can be open at

a time.
Maintenance: Tracks may accumulate dirt and require
regular cleaning.
Sealing Issues: Over time, weatherstripping may wear,
affecting insulation.
Commonly Used
in:
3. Pivoted
windows
are windows that open by rotating on a central
pivot point. Instead of sliding or swinging like a
typical window, they pivot open from the
center, allowing for controlled ventilation and
easy cleaning.
3. Pivoted
windows
Advantages of Pivoted Windows:

Good Ventilation: Can be opened at different angles to

control airflow.
Easy Cleaning: Pivoting design allows for convenient interior
and exterior cleaning.
Contemporary Aesthetic: Modern and stylish appearance.
Versatility: Suitable for various architectural styles.

Disadvantages of Pivoted Windows:

Limited Size: Larger pivoted windows may be heavy and

require robust mechanisms.
Cost: Pivoted windows can be more expensive to install than
traditional sliding or casement windows.
Space Requirements: Require clearance around the window
for proper pivoting.
example:
4. Double Hung
Windows
Double-hung windows are windows that have two
vertically aligned sashes (the framed glass panels).
Both sashes can be moved up and down within the
window frame. This design allows for flexible
ventilation because you can open either the top or
bottom sash. It's also easier to clean both the inside
and outside of the window because you can tilt the
sashes inward.
4. Double Hung
Windows
Advantages of Double Hung Windows:

Versatile Ventilation: Both upper and lower sashes can

be opened for flexible airflow.
Easy Cleaning: Sashes tilt inward for convenient
cleaning.
Space-Efficient: Ideal for areas with limited exterior
space.

Disadvantages of Double Hung Windows:

Potential Air Leakage: Older or poorly sealed units may

allow drafts.
Limited Views: The horizontal divider between sashes
can obstruct views.
Maintenance: Over time, balances and seals may
require upkeep.
example:
5. Casement Windows
are windows that open and close like a door. They are
attached to the window frame with hinges on one side
and swing open outward or inward using a crank or
lever. When fully open, casement windows provide
maximum ventilation and an unobstructed view.
5. Casement Windows
Advantages of Casement Windows:

Excellent Ventilation: Open fully for maximum airflow.

Energy Efficiency: When closed, they provide a tight seal,
reducing drafts.
Unobstructed Views: No center frame bar for a clear view.

Disadvantages of Casement Windows:

Limited Screen Options: Screens can be challenging to

install.
Size Limitations: Large casement windows may be heavy
and require sturdy hardware.
Outward Swing: Can obstruct exterior walkways if they
open outward.
example:
6. Corner Windows
are windows that are designed to wrap around the
corner of a building or room. They provide views and
natural light from two perpendicular walls, creating a
sense of openness and connection with the outdoors.
These windows are often used for their architectural
appeal and the way they enhance the feeling of space
inside a room.
6. Corner Windows
Advantages of Corner Windows:

Abundant Natural Light: They maximize daylight from

multiple directions.
Aesthetic Appeal: Enhance architectural design and create
a unique visual effect.
Panoramic Views: Offer wide and unobstructed views of the
surrounding landscape.

Disadvantages of Corner Windows:

Cost: Corner windows can be more expensive to install due

to their complex design and custom sizing.
Privacy Concerns: Limited privacy, especially in urban or
densely populated areas.
Energy Efficiency: May have more heat gain or loss due to
increased glass surface area.
example:
7.Bay Windows
are windows that project outward from the main walls
of a building. They typically form a nook or alcove
inside the room and are made by joining multiple
windows together at angles, often creating a seating
or display area. Bay windows are known for their
ability to bring in extra light and create a sense of
space and charm in a room.
7.Bay Windows
Advantages of Bay Windows:

Increased Natural Light: They bring in more sunlight from

multiple angles.
Expanded Space: Create extra interior space for seating or
storage.
Architectural Appeal: Enhance the exterior and interior
aesthetics of a home.

Disadvantages of Bay Windows:

Cost: Installation can be expensive due to the complexity of

design and materials.
Heat Gain/Loss: More glass may lead to increased heat gain
in summer and heat loss in winter.
Limited Privacy: Reduced privacy due to their outward
projection.
example:
8. Dormer Windows
are small windows that project outward from a sloping
roof. They're like little windows that pop out from the
roof, allowing light and sometimes air into the space
below the roof, which is often an attic or loft. Dormers
are used to add extra headroom, light, and ventilation
to upper floors or attic spaces in buildings.
8. Dormer Windows
Advantages of Dormer Windows:

Extra Space: Create usable living or storage space in attics or

lofts.
Improved Ventilation: Enhance airflow and ventilation in
upper floors.
Aesthetic Appeal: Add architectural charm and character to a
building.

Disadvantages of Dormer Windows:

Cost: Installation can be expensive due to structural

modifications.
Maintenance: May require additional upkeep due to exposure
to weather.
Impact on Roof Integrity: Improper installation can lead to
roof leaks if not done correctly.
example:
9. Clerestory Windows
are high, narrow windows that are located near the
top of a wall, often just below the roofline. They are
designed to let in natural light while maintaining
privacy and are commonly used in buildings like
churches, gyms, or homes with high ceilings.
Clerestory windows help illuminate a space with
daylight without the need for lower windows that
might compromise privacy or wall space.
9.Clerestory Windows
Advantages of Clerestory Windows:

Abundant Natural Light: They bring in plenty of daylight,

reducing the need for artificial lighting.
Privacy: Maintain privacy while still allowing light into a
room.
Architectural Appeal: Enhance the aesthetic and design of
a building.

Disadvantages of Clerestory Windows:

Cost: Installation can be expensive due to the need for high

placement and additional structural considerations.
Limited Ventilation: Usually, clerestory windows do not
open, which can limit airflow.
Maintenance: Cleaning and maintenance may be
challenging due to their height and location.
example:
10. Awning Windows
are windows that open outward from the bottom,
hinged at the top. They resemble an awning when
open, with the bottom edge tilting outward. This
design allows for ventilation while keeping rain and
debris from entering the building. Awning windows are
often used in areas where you want airflow but need
protection from the elements.
10. Awning Windows
Advantages of Awning Windows:

Ventilation: They allow for airflow even during light rain.

Energy Efficiency: When closed, they create a tight seal,
improving insulation.
Modern Aesthetic: Contemporary design adds visual
appeal.

Disadvantages of Awning Windows:

Limited View: Horizontal bar across the middle can obstruct

views.
Limited Opening: The angle of opening is limited, which
may affect ventilation compared to other window types.
Space Requirements: May not be suitable in areas with
limited exterior clearance.
example:
11. Skylights
are windows installed in the roof of a building to let
natural light into the interior spaces. They are like
windows on the ceiling, allowing sunlight to enter from
above and brighten up the room. Skylights are used to
reduce the need for artificial lighting during the day
and create a more open and airy feel in a space.
11. Skylights
Advantages of Skylights:

Natural Light: They provide abundant daylight, reducing the

need for electric lighting.
Aesthetic Appeal: Enhance interior aesthetics and create
an open atmosphere.
Energy Efficiency: Properly installed skylights can improve
energy efficiency.

Disadvantages of Skylights:

Heat Gain/Loss: Improperly designed skylights may lead to

excessive heat gain in summer and heat loss in winter.
Leaks: Poor installation or maintenance can result in leaks
and water damage.
Glare and Overheating: Direct sunlight can cause glare and
overheat indoor spaces if not properly managed.
example:
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 References:
https://theconstructor.org/building/types-of-windows/12776/

https://lakewashingtonwindows.com/windows/window-types-gu
ide/

https://modernize.com/windows/types

https://www.forbes.com/home-improvement/windows/types-of-
windows/

https://civiconcepts.com/blog/types-of-windows
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