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Module 4-Noise and Restoration

The document covers the topic of noise and restoration in morphological image processing, detailing various noise models such as Gaussian, Rayleigh, and salt-and-pepper noise. It discusses different filters for noise removal, including arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, and order-statistic filters like the median filter. Additionally, it highlights the importance of selecting appropriate filters based on the type of noise present in images.

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4 views

Module 4-Noise and Restoration

The document covers the topic of noise and restoration in morphological image processing, detailing various noise models such as Gaussian, Rayleigh, and salt-and-pepper noise. It discusses different filters for noise removal, including arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, and order-statistic filters like the median filter. Additionally, it highlights the importance of selecting appropriate filters based on the type of noise present in images.

Uploaded by

2022.surel.sanap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Module -4

MORPHOLOGICAL & IMAGE RESTORATION


Topic : Noise and Restoration

MR. MRUGENDRA VASMATKAR


Assistant Professor, EXTC
VES Institute of Technology
References
1. Gonzales and Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, Pearson Education,
India, Third Edition
1. Chapter -9- Morphological image processing
2. Chapter -5 –Image Restoration and reconstruction
2. Digital image processing – Ramesh Jayraman
3. Digital Image processing - Sreedhar

Marks in Exam :- 20 Marks


Numerical - (books 2,3)
1. Erosion, dilation, opening, closing – 8-10 M
2. Hit and miss transform – 8M
A Model of Image Degradation/Restoration Process
Assumptions

• Noise is Independent of spatial co-ordinates


• i.e. It is uncorrelated with respect to the image
itself
Noise Models-PDF
Gaussian

Due To Electric
Circuits noise,
sensor noise due to
poor illumination
Rayleigh

Application-Range Imaging
Erlang

Application- Laser Imaging


Exponential

Application- Laser Imaging


Uniform
Impulse (salt-and-pepper)

Quick transients such as faulty abrupt switching during imaging


TEST Pattern used for analysis
Image and Histogram of noise

Images and histograms resulting from adding Gaussian, Rayleigh, and gamma
noise to the test image
Image and Histogram of noise

Images and histograms resulting from adding exponential, uniform,


and salt-and pepper noise to the test image
Filters
1. Arithmetic mean filter

2. Geometric mean filter

3. Harmonic mean filter

Removes Salt, Gaussian Noise

4. Contraharmonic mean filter


Q= +ve Pepper noise
Q= -ve salt noise
Q = 0 Arithmetic mean filter
Q= -1 Harmonic mean filter
Gaussian Noise removal
Salt and Pepper Noise removal
Selection of wrong filter
Order-Statistic Filters
1. Median filter

Removes  bipolar and unipolar impulse noise. i.e salt and pepper
noise
2. Max and min filters

Removes  Max filter -pepper noise, Min filter -Salt

3. Midpoint filter

It works best for randomly distributed noise, like Gaussian or uniform noise.
4. Alpha-trimmed mean filter

d  0 to mn-1 , d=0 Alpha-trimmed mean filter


d = mn-1  Median filter
Multiple types of noise, such as a combination of salt-and-pepper and Gaussian nois
Median Filter
Max Min Filters
Adaptive median filter
Adaptive Median Filtering

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