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Aurdino PPT

The project focuses on developing an Arduino-based underground cable fault detector that utilizes Ohm's law to identify fault locations in electrical cables. It employs a microcontroller to measure voltage drops across series resistors, which represent cable lengths, and displays the results on an LCD. The system is designed for urban areas to enhance fault detection and includes features like a buzzer for alerts and potential future enhancements for measuring impedance in AC circuits.

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farhansafa00
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11 views23 pages

Aurdino PPT

The project focuses on developing an Arduino-based underground cable fault detector that utilizes Ohm's law to identify fault locations in electrical cables. It employs a microcontroller to measure voltage drops across series resistors, which represent cable lengths, and displays the results on an LCD. The system is designed for urban areas to enhance fault detection and includes features like a buzzer for alerts and potential future enhancements for measuring impedance in AC circuits.

Uploaded by

farhansafa00
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A

Project on
ARDUINO BASED UNDERGROUND CABLE FAULT
DETECTOR

Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering


Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida

Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 2017-18


Submitted by Submitted to
LAKSHIKA SAINI (1409722021) Mr. Praveen Kumar
AYUSH RASTOGI (1409722012)
PROJECT OVERVIEW

1.The project uses the simple concept of OHMs law where a low DC
voltage is applied at the feeder end through a series resistor.

2.The current would vary depending upon the length of fault of the cable in
case there is a short circuit of LL or 3L or LG etc.

3.The series resistor voltage drop changes accordingly which is then fed to
analog input of programmed microcontroller would display the same in Kilo
meters.

4.The project is assembled with a set of resistors representing cable length in


KMs and fault creation is made by a set of switches at every known KM to
cross check the accuracy of the same.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CONTENTS
1. Project overview
2. Block diagram
3. Power supply
4. Arduino Duemalinove
5. Relay
6. Relay driver
7. LCD
8. Software requirements
9. Schematic & Working of the project
10. Advantages
11. Disadvantages
12. Applications
13. Future scope
14. Conclusion
POWER SUPPLY

• The 230V AC supply is first stepped down to 12V AC using a step down
transformer.
• This is then converted to DC using bridge rectifier.
• The AC ripples is filtered out by using a capacitor and given to the input pin
of voltage regulator 7805.
• At output pin of this regulator we get a constant 5V DC which is used for MC
and other ICs in this project
ARDUINO
• The Arduino microcontroller is an easy to use yet powerful single board
computer that has gained considerable traction in the hobby and
professional market.
• The Arduino is open-source, which means hardware is reasonably priced
and development software is free.
FEATURES OF DUEMALINOVE
• The Due malinove board features an Atmel ATmega328 microcontroller
operating at 5 V with 2 Kb of RAM, 32 Kb of flash memory for storing
programs and 1 Kb of EEPROM for storing parameters.
• The clock speed is 16 MHz, which translates to about executing about
300,000 lines of C source code per second .
• The Arduino programming language is a simplified version of C/C++. If you
know C, programming the Arduino will be familiar.
• If you do not know C, no need to worry as only a few commands are needed
to perform useful functions.
RELAY
• A relay is an electrically operated switch.
• Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which
attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts.
• The coil current can be on or off so relays have two switch positions and have
double throw (changeover) switch contacts as shown in the diagram.
• Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can be completely
separate from the first.
• For example a low voltage battery circuit can use a relay to switch a 230V AC
mains circuit.
• There is no electrical connection inside the relay between the two circuits, the
link is magnetic and mechanical.
• To drive relay through MC ULN2003 relay driver IC is used.
RELAY DRIVER ULN 2003

• ULN is Relay driver application


• The ULN2003 is a monolithic high voltage and high current Darlington
transistor arrays.
• It consists of seven NPN Darlington pairs that features high-voltage
outputs with common-cathode clamp diode for switching inductive loads.
• The collector-current rating of a single Darlington pair is 500mA.
• The Darlington pairs may be paralleled for higher current capability.
• The ULN functions as an inverter.
• If the logic at input 1B is high then the output at its corresponding pin 1C
will be low.
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

• Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays.

• This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines,
respectively.

• The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which
receives data from an external source (and communicates directly with the LCD.

• If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines(3 control lines plus
the 8 lines for the data bus)

• The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW

• EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data)
• RS=Register Select. When RS=0; data is treated as a command & When
RS=1; data being sent is text data.
• R/W=Read/Write . When RW=0; the data written to the LCD & When RW=0;
the data reading to the LCD
SOFTWAERE REQUIREMENT

• Arduino software which can be freely available on Arduino Forum.


• http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage
WORKING OF PROJECT

• The project uses a set of resistances in series i.e. R10,R11,R12,R13 and


R17,R16,R14,R21, R20,R19,R18,R25,R22 as shown in the circuit
diagram, one set for each phase.

• Each series resistors represents the resistance of the underground cable for
a specific distance thus 4 such resistances in series represent 1-4kms.

• 3 relays are used to common point of their contacts are grounded while the
NO points are connected to the input of the R17, R21 & R25 being the 3
phase cable input.

• R10 is fed with a series resistor R1 to 5v supply. The common point of R10
& R1 is given to input pin 0 of arduino duely wired as explained above.
ADVANTAGES

• Generally , there is no fault of instrument but if there is any fault in


instrument is only due to manually mistake.
DISADVANTAGES

• Generally , there is no fault of instrument but if there is any fault in


instrument is only due to manually mistake.
APPLICATIONS

• It is used in urban areas to detect the fault in underground


electrical cables.
• It is used in rushed place or familiar cities where electrical
cables are used to Detect the fault in that cables.
FUTURE SCOPE

The project future can be implemented by using capacitor in


an AC circuit to measure the impedance which can even
locate the open circuited cable. Whenever a fault occurs in a
cable the buzzer produce the alarm to alert and to take an
immediate action by field workers.
CONCLUSION

It’s a difficult task to identify the faults in underground cables. By


using Arduino controller we can find out exact fault location. Once
faults occur in the cable, the display unit displays the exact fault
location that displays which phase is affecteded in the cable and how
long it’s affected and buzzer system is used to create an alerting
signal which is helpful to humans. Buzzer system create a alerting
sound signal, once if the fault occur in the underground cable.
ANY QUERY
THANK YOU

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