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Lecture 3 (Derivatives of Trig and Inverse of Trig Fxns... and Logarithimic Differentiation

The document covers the differentiation of trigonometric functions, including the use of the Quotient Rule and Chain Rule, as well as the derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. It provides formulas, examples, and methods such as logarithmic differentiation to simplify calculations. Key concepts include the derivatives of sine, cosine, and other trigonometric functions, along with the Power Rule for varying bases and exponents.

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emmanuelkrampah944
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6 views30 pages

Lecture 3 (Derivatives of Trig and Inverse of Trig Fxns... and Logarithimic Differentiation

The document covers the differentiation of trigonometric functions, including the use of the Quotient Rule and Chain Rule, as well as the derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. It provides formulas, examples, and methods such as logarithmic differentiation to simplify calculations. Key concepts include the derivatives of sine, cosine, and other trigonometric functions, along with the Power Rule for varying bases and exponents.

Uploaded by

emmanuelkrampah944
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATP112:CALCULUS 1

MATP112: CALCULUS 1
 Derivatives of trigonometric
functions
Before starting this section, you
might need to review the
trigonometric functions.

 In particular, it is important to
remember that when we talk about
the function f defined for all real
numbers x by

It is understood that sin x means FIGURE 1


the sine of the angle whose radian
A similar convention holds for the other trigonometric functions cos, tan, csc, sec,
and cot.

If we sketch the graph of the function and use the interpretation of as the slope
of the tangent to the sine curve in order to sketch the graph of , then it looks as if the
graph of may be the same as the cosine curve (see Figure 1).
Let’s try to confirm our guess that if , then . From the definition of a derivative, we
have

But , and
Trial
1. Differentiate
2. Show that
3. Differentiate
Double-Angle Formulas

Alternate forms:

3.
Compound-Angle Formulas
The tangent function can also be differentiated by using the definition of a
derivative, but it is easier to use the Quotient Rule.
The derivatives of the remaining trigonometric functions, csc, sec, and cot, can also
be found easily using the Quotient Rule. We collect all the differentiation formulas
for trigonometric functions below. Remember that they are valid only when x is
measured in radians.
Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

NB.:
Differentiation of sin x and cos x
It can be shown by the first principle that if , then Likewise if then

Examples
1. Differentiate the following functions with respect to x.
a.
b.
Composite functions

Let ⇒ ⇒ ⇒
Given that

By the chain rule,


But , therefore
It follows that to differentiate a composite function, we first differentiate the
inside function ( that is 2x) to get 2.

Then differentiate the main function (that is sin 2x) to obtain

Multiply the two results ( that is ) to obtain the required derivative.


 ⇒ or
For example, if:

 ⇒ or

 ⇒ or
Examples

1. Find the derivatives of the following functions:

c. d.

2. Find the derivatives of the following functions

a. b.

c. d.
The product rule

The derivative of the product is given by the rule:

Examples

Find the derivative of the following functions

a.

b.

c.
The quotient rule

The derivative of the quotient is given by the rule:

Examples

Find the derivative of the functions

a. b. c.

d. e.
Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Reading Assignment: Read on the derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions


 Derivatives of Logarithmic Functions
In this section will we use implicit differentiation to find the derivatives of the
logarithmic functions and, in particular, the natural logarithmic function .

Proof : Let . Then

Differentiating this equation implicitly with respect to x, using , we get

And so
If we put in formula 1, then the factor In b on the right side becomes and we get the
formula for the derivative of the natural logarithmic function

By comparing Formulas 1 and 2, we see on of the main reasons that natural


logarithms (logarithms with base e) are used in calculus: The differentiation formula
is simplest when because
Examples
Differentiate the following

1. Find
Solution

To use the Chain rule, we let Then so

In general, if we combine with the chain rule as in example 1, we get


2.

Ans.:

3.

Ans.:

4. Find

Ans.:

5. Find
Derivatives of General Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Let b>0 and let g(x) be a differentiable function.
i. If, then

More generally, if , then for all values of x for which g(x) > 0,

ii. If then

More generally, if then

Example:
Logarithmic Differentiation
The calculation of derivatives of complicated functions involving products,
quotients, or powers can often be simplified by taking logarithms.

Problem solving strategy: Using Logarithmic Differentiation


1. To differentiate using logarithmic differentiation, take the natural logarithm of
both side of the equation to obtain
2. Use properties of logarithms to expand as much as possible.
3. Differentiate both sides of the equation. On the left we will have
4. Multiply both sides of the equation by y to solve for
5. Replace y by
Example

Differentiate

Solution

We take logarithms of both sides of the equation and use the laws of logarithm to
simplify:

Differentiating implicitly with respect to x gives


Solving for , we get

Because we have an explicit expression for y, we can substitute and write


The Power Rule
If n is any real number and , then

Proof
Let and use logarithmic differentiation:

Therefore

Hence
NB: You should distinguish carefully between the power rule , where the base is
variable and the exponent is constant, and the rule for differentiating exponential
functions where the base is constant and the exponent is variable.
In general there are four cases for exponents and bases:
Constant base, constant exponent

Variable base, constant exponent

Constant base, variable exponent

Variable base, variable exponent


To find , logarithmic differentiation can be used.
Examples
Differentiate
Since both the base and the exponent are variable, we use logarithmic
differentiation:
Derivative of an Exponential Function
Let be the natural exponential function. Then

In general,

Examples
Find the derivative of

Solution
Using the derivative formula and the chain rule,
Find the derivative of

1.

2. at x=1

3. where r is an arbitrary real number.


Thank
you

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