Scribd
Upload
14 views9 pages

JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS

The document discusses John Rawls, a prominent political philosopher known for his work 'A Theory of Justice,' which introduces the concept of 'justice as fairness.' It outlines Rawls' principles of justice, emphasizing equal basic liberties and the fair arrangement of socioeconomic inequalities to benefit the least advantaged. Additionally, it contrasts different frameworks of distributive justice, including egalitarian, capitalist, and socialist perspectives.

Uploaded by

angelicajane.cortez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views9 pages

JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS

The document discusses John Rawls, a prominent political philosopher known for his work 'A Theory of Justice,' which introduces the concept of 'justice as fairness.' It outlines Rawls' principles of justice, emphasizing equal basic liberties and the fair arrangement of socioeconomic inequalities to benefit the least advantaged. Additionally, it contrasts different frameworks of distributive justice, including egalitarian, capitalist, and socialist perspectives.

Uploaded by

angelicajane.cortez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Page 01

JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS


P R O M O T I N G T H E C O M M O N G O O D

20
22
Page 02

John Rawls
• John Rawls was a significant 20th-century political
philosopher.
• His main work, "A Theory of Justice," was published in
1971.
• The book addresses social issues related to justice
between the state and citizens, and among citizens.

• Rawls received his academic training at Princeton


University.
• He later became a philosophy professor at Harvard
University.
• Rawls proposed "justice as fairness" as an ethical
framework.
• This framework focuses on the distribution of justice
to yield fairness for those who have more and those
who have less.
• Fairness, in Rawls' terms, refers to equity rather than
20 equality.
22
JUSTICE
Page 02

Justice is defined differently by various thinkers


in their fields of specialization. Plato, for
instance, views justice as harmony, where
different societal groups work together towards
a common goal. John Rawls, however,
incorporates not only sociological but also
political and socio-economic dimensions in his
concept of justice. For Rawls, justice involves
fairness among society's members, aiming to
promote the common good.

Rawls outlines two principles of justice:


1.Equal Basic Liberties: Every person
should have an equal right to the most
extensive set of basic liberties that are
compatible with a similar scheme of
liberties for others.
2.Social and Economic Inequalities:
These should be arranged so that they are
20 (a) reasonably expected to benefit
22 everyone, particularly the least
advantaged, and (b) attached to positions
Page 03

Fairness
John Rawls discusses fairness in terms
of equality and equity, governed by
two principles:

1.Principle of Equality: Every society


member should have equal rights
and liberties, concerning their
political condition.

2.Principle of Difference:
Socioeconomic inequalities are
unavoidable but should benefit the
least advantaged and provide
opportunities through
employment.
t
20
22
John Rawls' concept of distributive justice means
Distributive that everyone in society must share both the
burdens and benefits that society offers. If
Justice
someone enjoys benefits, they must also accept
burdens, ensuring no one only enjoys benefits or
20 solely bears burdens.
22
Page 05

Egalitarian Distributive
Justice
Egalitarianism focuses on a just distribution where
everyone receives an equal share. Under egalitarianism,
there are two types of distributive justice:

1.Political Egalitarianism: Ensures that every


citizen's legal rights are equally observed, such as the
universal right to vote.
2.Economic Egalitarianism: Ensures the equal
distribution of socioeconomic goods, such as basic
necessities (food, clothing, shelter), and fair wages. An
example is the "minimum wage law," which
guarantees all employees a just wage as agreed upon
by the government and private employers.
20
22
Capitalist Distributive
Justice
In a capitalist perspective, distributive
justice is based on receiving compensation
proportional to one's contribution to an
institution's success. More significant
contributions result in greater rewards. For
instance, a working student employed as a
library staff member is paid P20 per hour. If
the student works four hours, they earn P80;
six hours, P120; and two hours, P40. This
illustrates capitalist distributive justice,
where compensation aligns with the amount
of work performed.

20
22
Socialist Distributive Justice

In a socialist framework, distributive justice is based


on meeting individuals' needs rather than
contributions. The distribution scheme aims to level
the playing field, acknowledging natural inequalities
such as talents and initial endowments. To achieve
a just distribution, individuals receive shares based
on their needs. This approach seeks to address
disadvantages by emphasizing work aligned with
one's natural talents.

For example, a person with singing talent might


pursue a career as a singer, while another with
public relations skills may work in a PR office. This
system, inspired by Karl Marx's idea of "from each
according to his abilities, to each according to his
20 needs," aims to prevent alienation and
22 dehumanization. By utilizing one's talents fully,
individuals can receive shares proportional to their
Page 15

THANK YOU
20
22

You might also like