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The document covers the fundamentals of Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) and Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), detailing their structures, operations, and configurations. It explains how BJTs can function as switches to control current flow in circuits, specifically highlighting their application in turning LEDs on and off. Additionally, the document discusses the characteristics and operation of NMOS and PMOS transistors, including their enhancement modes.

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14 views32 pages

bjt_canvas (1)

The document covers the fundamentals of Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) and Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), detailing their structures, operations, and configurations. It explains how BJTs can function as switches to control current flow in circuits, specifically highlighting their application in turning LEDs on and off. Additionally, the document discusses the characteristics and operation of NMOS and PMOS transistors, including their enhancement modes.

Uploaded by

sourish22csu169
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 6: BJT

Dr. Anu Tonk


Introduction
Introduction
Transistor Structure
Transistor operation
Transistor-Normal operation
Current Directions in NPN and
PNP transistors
Transistor Configurations
Common Base Configuration
Common Base Input
Characteristics
Common Base Output
Characteristics
Common Emitter Configuration
Common Emitter Input
Characteristics
Common Emitter Output
Characteristics
Bipolar Junction Transistors as a
switch
• If the transistor is biased into the active region, it will operate as an
amplifier or other linear circuit, if biased alternately in the saturation
and cut-off regions, then it is being used as a switch, allowing current
to flow or not to flow in other parts of the circuit.

• With a zero signal applied to the Base of the transistor it turns “OFF”
acting like an open switch and zero collector current flows.

• With a positive signal applied to the Base of the transistor it turns


“ON” acting like a closed switch and maximum circuit current flows
through the device.
Application of Bipolar Junction
Transistor to turn on and off the
LED
• There has to be sufficient current going into the base of the transistor,
to allow current to flow through the collector and emitter, and
therefore the Light Emitting Diode (LED) in order for it to light up.

• If the base is shorted to ground, current will take that route to ground
instead of turning the Bipolar Junction Transistor “on”, and the LED will
not light up.
Circuit to switch on and off the LED by using NPN Type BJT as
switch component.
Circuit to switch on and off the LED by using PNP Type BJT as switch
component.
MOS Capacitor
Oxide (SiO2)
 ox 3.9 0
Gate (n+ poly)
Very Thin!
0
tox ~ 1nm
Body (p-type substrate) x
 s 11.7 0

• MOS = Metal Oxide Silicon


• Sandwich of conductors separated by an insulator
• “Metal” is more commonly a heavily doped polysilicon layer
n+ or p+ layer
• NMOS  p-type substrate, PMOS  n-type substrate
Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley
Engineered for
Tomorrow

MOS Transistors

Gate Oxide
Gate
Polysilicon Field-Oxide
Source Drain
(SiO 2)
n+ n+

p+ stopper
p-substrate

Bulk Contact

CROSS-SECTION of NMOS Transistor


MOS Transistor symbols
Switch model of NMOS
Transistor
| VGS | Gate

Source Drain
(of carriers) (of
carriers)

Open (off) (Gate = ‘0’) Closed (on) (Gate = ‘1’)


Ron

| VGS | < | VT | | VGS | > | VT |


Switch model of PMOS
Transistor

| VGS | Gate

Source Drain
(of carriers) (of carriers)

Open (off) (Gate = ‘1’) Closed (on) (Gate = ‘0’)


Ron

| VGS | > | VDD – | VT | | | VGS | < | VDD – |VT| |


Engineered for
Tomorrow

MOSFETs- Enhancement Type

The enhancement-type NMOS transistor with a positive voltage applied to the gate. An n channel is
induced at the top of the substrate beneath the gate.
Engineered for
Tomorrow

n-Channel enhancement mode p-Channel enhancement mode

Output characteristics Transfer characteristics

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