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Stress Transformation (6)

The document discusses stress transformation, detailing the general state of stress at a point characterized by six independent stress components. It explains plane stress transformation, sign conventions, and provides equations to calculate transformed stress components based on the orientation of the plane. Additionally, it includes examples illustrating the determination of principal stresses and maximum in-plane shear stresses.

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18 views19 pages

Stress Transformation (6)

The document discusses stress transformation, detailing the general state of stress at a point characterized by six independent stress components. It explains plane stress transformation, sign conventions, and provides equations to calculate transformed stress components based on the orientation of the plane. Additionally, it includes examples illustrating the determination of principal stresses and maximum in-plane shear stresses.

Uploaded by

h.aideed111
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRESS TRANSFORMATION

STRESS TRANSFORMATION
General state of stress at a point is characterized by 6 independent
normal and shear stress components; x , y , z , xy , yz , and zx.
PLANE STRESS TRANSFORMATION

If the element of the point is rotated in


different orientation, different values of
stresses can be obtained.

The stresses are now x’ , y’ and x’y’


Although the state of stress at a point in a
stressed body remains the same, the
normal and shear stress components vary
as the orientation of plane through that
point changes.
PLANE STRESS TRANSFORMATION

Sign Convention

A normal or shear stress component is


positive provided it acts in the positive
coordinate direction on the positive face
of the element,
Or is negative if it acts in the negative
coordinate direction on the negative face
of the element.
PLANE STRESS TRANSFORMATION

The orientation of the inclined plane,


on which the normal and shear stress
components are defined using the angle
.

The angle  is measured from the


positive x to the positive x’.
GENERAL EQUATIONS OF PLANE–STRESS
TRANSFORMATION

The element in Fig.(a) is sectioned along the inclined plane and the
segment shown in Fig.(b) is isolated.

Assuming the sectioned area is A, then the horizontal and


vertical faces of the segment have an area of A sin and A
cos, respectively
GENERAL EQUATIONS OF PLANE–STRESS
TRANSFORMATION
From the free-body diagram, the
unknown normal and shear
stresses can be found from force
equilibrium equations.

 Fx’ = 0  Fy’ = 0
GENERAL EQUATIONS OF PLANE–STRESS
TRANSFORMATION
 x  y x  y
 x'   cos 2   xy sin 2
2 2
 x  y x  y
 y'   cos 2   xy sin 2
2 2
x  y
 x' y'   sin 2   xy cos2
2

Three stress components, x’ , y’ and x’y’ are


oriented along the x’, y’ axes.
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 1
Solution
PRINCIPAL STRESSES & MAX.IN-PLANE
SHEAR STRESSES
The orientation  = p of the planes of maximum and minimum
normal stress can be obtained from:

 xy
tan 2 p 
 x   y  2
The solution has two roots; p1 and p2
2p2 = 2p1 + 180o
PRINCIPAL STRESSES & MAX.IN-PLANE
SHEAR STRESSES

Principal stresses = Maximum and minimum normal stress


avrg
R
2
 x  y x  y 
 1, 2       xy2
2  2 
PRINCIPAL STRESSES & MAX.IN-PLANE
SHEAR STRESSES
Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress

2
x  y 
 max
in  plane      xy2
 2 

  x   y  2
tan 2 s 
 xy

The solution has two roots; s1 and s2


EXAMPLE # 2
For the state of plane stress shown, determine (a) the principal
planes, (b) the principal stresses, (c) the maximum shearing stress
and the corresponding normal stress.
EXAMPLE # 2
SOLUTION:
• Find the element orientation for the principal
stresses from
2 xy 2 40 
tan 2 p   1.333
 x   y 50   10
2 p 53.1 , 233.1
 p 26.6 , 116 .6

• Determine the principal stresses from


2
 x  y x   y  2
 max,min       xy
2  2 
20  302  402
 max 70 MPa
 min  30 MPa
EXAMPLE # 2
• Calculate the maximum shearing stress with
2
x   y  2
 max      xy
 2 
 30 2  40 2

 max 50 MPa


 s  p  45
 s  18.4 , 71.6

• The corresponding normal stress is


 x   y 50  10
   ave  
2 2
  20 MPa
EXAMPLE # 3
An axial force of 900 N and a torque of 2.50 N.m are applied to the shaft as shown in
the figure. If the shaft has a diameter of 40 mm, determine the principal stresses at a
point P on its surface.
EXAMPLE # 3
Internal Loadings
The internal loadings consist of the torque and the axial load is shown
in Fig.(b)
Stress Components
 Due to axial load

F 900
   2  716.2 kPa
A 2(0.02)

 Due to torsional load

T r ( 2.50)(0.02) 198.9 kPa


   4

J 2 (0.02)
EXAMPLE # 3
The state of stress at point P is defined
by these two stress components

Principal Stresses:
2
y  y 2
 1 ,2       xy
2  2 
We get 1 = 767.8 kPa
2 = – 51.6 kPa
The orientation of the principal plane:

1   xy 
 
2 p tan  – 29o
 =
   y 2
 
p = 14.5O

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