I T Infrastructure

Computer
Hardware
PartNiaz
Abdullah I
Department of Business
Administration
Shaikh
Lecturer Dept BBA
SZABIST, Larkana, Pakistan

Management Information Systems

 Things to
discuss
Three Major
Areas
IT Infrastructure:
Hardware and
Software
Foundation of
Business
Intelligence:
Databases and
Information
Management
Securing
Information 2
 IT InfrastructureHardware
&
Software
 American businesses spend about $2
trillion every year on computing and
information systems.
 Businesses require a wide variety of
computing equipment, software, and
communications capabilities simply to
operate and solve basic business
problems.
 Computers are available, including desktops,
laptops, and handhelds.

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 Computer
Hardware
 Do your employees travel or do some
work from home?
 You will want to equip them with laptop
computers (over half the computers sold in
the U.S. are laptops).
 If you are employed by a medium to large
business, you will also need larger server
computers,
possibly an entire data center or server
farm with hundreds or even thousands of
servers.
 Google, for instance, is able to answer 300 million
queries a day in the United States, most within one
second, by using a massive network of over 1 4
million PC servers linked together to spread the
 Networks and
Communications
 In addition you will probably need
several networks:
 a local-area network connecting employees
in your office,
 and remote access capabilities so employees
can share e-mail and computer files while
they are out of the office.
 You will also need all your employees to have
access to landline phone systems, cell phone
networks, and the Internet.
 Finally, to make all this equipment and software
work pleasantly, you will also need the services of
trained people to help you run and manage this
technology
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 IT Infrastructure
Components
Comput
er
Hardwar
e

Comput
Service
er
s Softwar
e
IT
Infrastructu
re
Components

Data
Network
manageme
s nt

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 Computer Hardware  Types
of
Computers
 Computers come in an array of sizes with
differing capabilities for processing
information, from the smallest handheld
devices to the largest mainframes and
supercomputers.
 Personal computer
 Work station
 Server
 Mainframe
 Super Computer
 Cloud Computing
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 Computer Networks and
Client
Server Computing
 Connectingcomputers with each for
sharing hardware and software
resources, this is done through
computer networks.
 For small business,
 Network computers will be used for most of the
processing.
 Distributed processing
The use of multiple computers linked by a
communications
network for processing.
 Centralized
Processing
 All processing is 8
 Computer Networks and
Client
Server Computing
 Client/Server Computing
 Client/server computing splits processing
between “clients” and “servers.”
 Both are on the network, but each machine
is
assigned functions it is best suited to
perform.
 The client is the user point of entry for the
required function and is normally a desktop
or laptop computer.

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Client/Server
Computing

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 Cont
 Web server …
 Will serve a Web page to a client in
response to a request for service.
 Web server software is responsible for
locating and
managing stored Web pages.
 For example, APACHI, MS IIS, IBM Lotus, lighttpd
etc.
 Application Server
 Software handles all application operations
between a user and an organization’s back-
end business systems.
 The application server may reside on the same
computer as the Web server or on its own
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dedicated computer.
 Storage, Input and
Output
Technology
 Storage and input and output devices are
called peripheral devices because they
are outside the main computer system
unit.
 The amount of data that companies now
need to store is doubling every 12 to 18
months.
 The principal storage technologies are
 Magnetic Disks
 Hard Drives, SSD, Flash Drives
 Optical Disc
 CDs, DVDs
 Magnetic tape
 Sequential Data Storage, VCR Cassettes
 Storage networks 12
 SA
N
RAID (Redundant Array
of Inexpensive Disks)

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 Input and Output
Devices
 Human beings interact with computer
systems largely through input and
output devices.
 Input devices
 Gather data and convert them into electronic form
for use by the computer.
 Keyboard, Computer Mouse, Touch Screen, OCR (Optical
Character Recognition)  BarCode, Magnetic Ink Character
Recognition (MICR), Pen Based Input, Digital Scanner, Audio
Input, Sensors etc.
 Output devices
 Display data after they have been processed.
 Monitors, printers, Audio Output.

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 Cloud
Computing
 Cloud Computing refers to a model of
computing in which firms and individuals
obtain computing resources and
software applications over the Internet
(also referred to as “the
cloud”).
 Thousands or even hundreds of thousands
computers are located in cloud data centers,
where they can be accessed by desktop
computers, notebooks, entertainment
centers, mobile devices, and other client
machines linked to the Internet.

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 Cloud
Computing
 IBM, HP, Sun Microsystems, Dell, and
Amazon operate huge, scalable cloud
computing centers
 computing power, data storage, and high-
speed Internet connections to firms that
need to maintain their IT infrastructures
remotely.
 Software firms such as
 Google, Microsoft, SAP, Oracle, and
Salesforce.com sell software applications as
services delivered over the Internet.

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 Cloud
Services
Three main type of
services
 IaaS
 Infrastructure as a Service
 PaaS
 Platform as a service
 SaaS
 Software as a service

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 Cloud
Services
 Three main type of services
 IaaS
 Infrastructure as a Service
IaaS is a cloud computing model that provides
virtualized computing resources over the internet.

 Infrastructure: Instead of buying physical

servers and hardware, you rent virtual servers
and storage from a cloud provider.

 Components: This includes virtual machines,

storage, networks, and operating systems.

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 Three main type of services Cloud
 PaaS Services
 Platform as a service
PaaS is a cloud computing model that provides a
platform allowing developers to build, deploy, and
manage applications without worrying about the
underlying infrastructure.

 Development Environment: PaaS offers

everything you need to develop applications,
including programming languages, libraries, and
tools, all hosted in the cloud.

 Managed Services: The provider manages

servers, storage, and networking, allowing
developers to focus solely on coding.
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 Cloud
Services
 Three main type of services
 SaaS
 Software as a service
SaaS is a cloud computing model that delivers
software applications over the internet on a
subscription basis.

 Access Through the Internet: Instead of

installing software on your computer, you
access it through a web browser. The software is
hosted in the cloud.

 Automatic Updates: The provider takes care of

all maintenance, updates, and security. 20
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