T O O U R G R O U P

PRESENTATION
 Group -
2

Topic:- General Equation OF Second Degree

PRESENTATION BY-

Name: Taslima Jahan Dina Name: Omaiya Sultana Name: Arifa Aktery
Student ID:2024000000168 Student ID:2024000000177 Student ID:202400000019

Name: Mehedi Hasan

Name: Lam Yea Lid Hridoy Name: MD Limon
Mozumder
Student ID:2023200000533 Student ID:2023200000749
Student ID:2023200000291
Discussion Topics-
Definition Of Second Degree

Applications Of Second Degree Equations

Pair Of Straight Line

Circle

Parabola

Hyparbola

Ellipse

Mathematical Problem
Hyperbola
Hyperbola

Pair Of Straight line

Parabola
Vertex Circle

Ellipse

2 2
ax +2hxy+by +2gx+2fy+c=0
Application of Second Degree

Physics
Engineerin
g
Mathemati
cs
Economics
#Problem 1:- Find the condition that the general equation of the second degree
ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx+2fy+c=0----(1) may represents a pair of straight lines

Solution

Y Y’ p (x,y)
(x,y)
Y’

O’ X’
(α,β) X’
β

α
o x
(0,0) l M
x
 If we transper the origin to a point (α, β) ,the point of intersection of two straight lines
and keep the direction of the axes unaltered ,the equation reduces to

a(x + α )^2 + 2h (x + α) (y + β) + b (y + β)^2 + 2g (x + α) + 2f (Y + β) + c = 0 -------(2)

The equation (2) may represents a pair of straight lines.if it is reduced to a homogenous equation in
x ans y. This is possible if the co-efficients of x and y and the constant terms are separately zero

a α + h β + g = 0 -----(3)

hα + b β + f = 0 -----(4) and

a α^2 + 2hαβ + b β^2 + 2gα + 2fβ + c =0 ------(5)

 The relation (5) may be written as -

α(aα + hβ + g) + β( hα + bβ + f) + gα + fβ + c = 0 ------ (6)

By (3) and (4), the relation (6) becomes gα + fβ + c = 0 ----(7)

Now if we eliminate α and β from (3), (4) and (7), the required condition is

a h g
Δ = h b f = 0
g f c
 Pair of Straight Line Formula and Conditions

Formula Conditions

1. Perpendicular:- a + b
2 √(h^2 – ab)
1. tanθ =
a+b
2.Parallelism:- h^2 = ab

3. ax^2 + 2hxy + by^2 = 0 real if h^2 > ab

X^2 - y^2 xy
2. =
a-b h 4. ax^2 + 2hxy + by^2 = 0 imaginary if h^2 < ab
#Problem 2:- Show that the straight lines represented by 6x^2 – 5xy – 6y^2 + 14x + 5y + 4 =
0 are perpendicular to each other.

Solution

The given equation is-

6x^2 – 5xy – 6y^2 + 14x + 5y + 4 = 0

This is a second degree equation is x and y. such an equation represents a pair of

straight lines.
The general form of second degree is-
2 2
ax + 2hxy + by + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
Comparing the given equation with this general form, we get-

a = 6, 2h = 5, so h = - 5/2, b = 6
2g = 14, so g = 7, 2f = 5, so f = 5/2, c = 4
The condition for two lines to be perpendicular is-

a + b = 0

Put the value of a and b to the above equation

6 + (-6) = 0

Since this condition holds true, the two lines represented by the given equation
are perpendicular to each other .

Thus, the lines are perpendicular

 p
M

x ------------------------------------------------
s

Parabola- SP = Hyperbola- SP = ePM Ellipse- SP = ePM

PM (e < 1) (e > 1)
Parabola
 Real-Life Applications of Parabola

Satellite Dishes

Headlights
Bridges
Fountains

Telescopes
Basketball

Solar Panels
 Formula of parabola

Vertex (0,0)
Focus (a,0)

Directrix equation x + a = 0
Axis equation y = 0
Latus rectum length 4a

Tangent vertex equation x = 0

#Problem 3:- Test the nature of the conic given by equation 9x^2 – 24xy = 16y^2 – 18x – 101y +
19 = 0

Solution

Hence we have after comparison with the equation-

ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0

Here
a = 9 b = 16 c = 19
g = -9 f = -101 h = -12

We Have
= h^2 - ab = (-12)^2 - 9.16
= 144 - 144
= 0
 a h g

Δ = h b f

g f c

9 -12 -9

Δ = -12 -16 -101/2 = 0

-9 -101/2 9

So, h^2 - ab = 0 and Δ = 0

Hence the conic is parabola

Hyperbola
 Real-Life Applications of Hyperbola

Satellite

Radio
Inverse Relationship
Lenses and Monitors
 Formula of Hyperbola

Centre (0,0)
Foci (+ae,0)
-

Transverse axis y = 0
Conjugate axis x = 0
Latus rectum length 2b^2 / a

Eccentricity e^2 = (a^2 + b^2) / a^2

Equation of directrix x = (+a
- / e)
#Problem 4:- Test the nature of the conic given by the equation 3x^2 – 8xy – 3y^2 + 10x – 13y +
8=0

Solution

If we compare this equation with the general equation of second degree ,then we have-

h = -4 a = 3 b = -3
g = -5 f = -13/2 c = 8
Now,
a + b = 3 - 3 = 0

a h g 3 -4 -5

Δ = h b f = -4 -3 -13/2

g f c 4 -13/2 8

Hence the equation represents rectangular Hyperbola

Ellipse
 Real-Life Applications of Ellipse

Orbits of Planets

Satellites
Moons and comets
Shapes of Boat Keels

Rudders
Aviation Wings
 Formula of Ellipse

Centre (0,0)
Foci (+ae,0)
-

Major axis y = 0
Minor axis x = 0
Latus rectum length 2b^2 / a

Eccentricity e^2 = (a^2 - b^2) / a^2

Equation of directrix x = (+a
- / e)
#Problem 5:- Find the equation to the ellipse whose focus is the point (1,-1) whose directrix is the straight line x –
y + 3 = 0 and whose eccentricity is 1/2

Solution

Take any point p (x1,y1) on the ellipse-

S (1, -1) be the focus and eccentricity of the ellipse is ½ draw PM perpendicular to the directrix

so SP = ePM

= √ (x1 – 1)^2 + (y1 + 1)^2

X1 – y1 + 3
=
2 √ (1+1)

= 7(x1^2 + y1^2) + 2x1y1 – 22 (x1 –y1) + 7 = 0

Now dropping the suffixes,the equation of the ellipse-

= 7x^2 + y^2) + 2xy – 22 (x – y) + 7 = 0