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Incident Response

Incident Response (IR) is a structured approach to managing security incidents aimed at minimizing damage and recovery time. The NIST framework outlines six phases: Preparation, Identification, Containment, Eradication, Recovery, and Lessons Learned, each with specific objectives and actions. Effective incident response relies on a well-prepared team, the right tools, and continuous improvement through post-incident analysis.

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5 views15 pages

Incident Response

Incident Response (IR) is a structured approach to managing security incidents aimed at minimizing damage and recovery time. The NIST framework outlines six phases: Preparation, Identification, Containment, Eradication, Recovery, and Lessons Learned, each with specific objectives and actions. Effective incident response relies on a well-prepared team, the right tools, and continuous improvement through post-incident analysis.

Uploaded by

nareshsanta04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Incident

Response
Strategies to Detect, Respond, and
Recover from Cyberattacks
What is Incident Response (IR)?

Definition:
A structured methodology for handling
security incidents, breaches, and cyber
threats.
Purpose:
• Minimize damage and recovery time
• Prevent further data loss or compromise
• Contain threats quickly and restore services
• Learn and strengthen defenses
Types of Security Incidents

Common Incident Categories:


• Malware Infection – Viruses, ransomware, Trojans
• Phishing Attacks – Credential theft or financial
fraud
• DDoS Attacks – Service disruption through traffic
floods
• Unauthorized Access – Insider threats, privilege
escalation
• Data Breaches – Exfiltration or exposure of
sensitive data
The 6 Phases of Incident
Response (NIST Framework)

1.Preparation – Policy, training, and tools setup


2.Identification – Detect and validate the incident
3.Containment – Stop the spread (short & long
term)
4.Eradication – Remove the threat from the
system
5.Recovery – Restore normal operations
6.Lessons Learned – Post-incident review and
updates
Phase 1 – Preparation

Key Elements:
• Incident response policy & playbooks
• Security awareness training
• Regular backups and patch
management
• Establishing an Incident Response Team
(IRT)
Phase 2 – Identification

Objective: Confirm whether a real incident


occurred.
Sources of Detection:
• IDS/IPS alerts
• SIEM tools (e.g., Splunk, QRadar)
• Anomalous user behavior
• Logs and system events
• End-user reports
Phase 3 – Containment

Short-Term Containment:
• Isolate affected systems from the network
• Disable user accounts involved in
compromise
Long-Term Containment:
• Apply patches
• Change passwords
• Harden firewall and network rules
Phase 4 – Eradication

Steps:
• Remove malware, rogue users,
backdoors
• Re-image compromised systems
• Perform deep scans using AV/EDR tools
• Patch exploited vulnerabilities
• Reset admin credentials
Phase 5 – Recovery

Key Actions:
• Restore from backups
• Monitor systems closely
• Reintroduce systems back into production
• Test functionality and security
• Notify relevant stakeholders (users, legal,
regulators)
Phase 6 – Lessons Learned

Goals:
• Understand root cause
• Evaluate response effectiveness
• Update playbooks and defense
strategies
• Document everything
• Conduct internal team review
Tools Used in Incident Response

Common Tools:
• SIEMs: Splunk, Elastic, QRadar
• Forensics Tools: FTK, Autopsy, Volatility
• EDR: CrowdStrike, SentinelOne
• Packet Analyzers: Wireshark
• Malware Analysis: Cuckoo Sandbox,
Any.run
Incident Response Team (IRT)
Roles

• Incident Manager: Coordinates all response


efforts
• Forensic Analyst: Acquires and examines
digital evidence
• Network Analyst: Monitors and blocks
malicious traffic
• Communications Lead: Handles stakeholder
and public updates
• Legal & HR: Compliance and employee actions
Common Mistakes During IR

• Delayed detection and response


• Poor documentation of steps taken
• Not isolating systems properly
• Inadequate communication with
stakeholders
• Not preserving forensic evidence for
legal actions
Real-World Example

Case Study: Ransomware Attack on


Healthcare Provider
• Entry Point: Phishing email
• Payload: Ransomware encrypted patient records
• Response: Systems isolated, backups restored
• Result: 3 days of downtime, regulatory fine,
policy overhaul
Lesson: Regular phishing simulations &
immutable backups are critical
Summary & Final Notes

• IR is critical for reducing damage and


improving resilience
• A well-prepared IR team acts fast and
minimizes business impact
• Every incident is a chance to evolve and
become stronger
• Practice with tabletop exercises and live
simulations

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