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Function Oriented Design

Function-Oriented Design is a methodology that divides a system into interacting modules focused on specific functions, emphasizing data flow and functional decomposition. Key strategies include Data Flow Diagrams (DFD), Data Dictionary, and Pseudo Code, which help visualize and manage data processes. DFDs consist of components like external entities, processes, data stores, and data flows, aiding in understanding and improving systems.

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2 views

Function Oriented Design

Function-Oriented Design is a methodology that divides a system into interacting modules focused on specific functions, emphasizing data flow and functional decomposition. Key strategies include Data Flow Diagrams (DFD), Data Dictionary, and Pseudo Code, which help visualize and manage data processes. DFDs consist of components like external entities, processes, data stores, and data flows, aiding in understanding and improving systems.

Uploaded by

pratikgjimt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOFTWARE

ENGINEERING
what is function oriented
design
Function-Oriented Design is a design methodology where a system
is divided into different interacting modules. Each module performs
a specific function, making the system well-tructured and easier to
manage.

• Unlike Object-Oriented Design (OOD), which focuses on objects


and their interactions, Function-Oriented Design focuses on data
flow and functional decomposition.
• This method is best suited for applications where data
processing is the primary focus, such as banking systems or
payroll software.
SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING
Strategies of Function-Oriented
Design

There are three main strategies used in Function-


Oriented Design:

1.Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)


2.Data Dictionary
3.Pseudo Code
DATA FLOW
• A data flow diagram (DFD)DIAGRAM
is a visual representation of the flow of data
through an information system or business process. DFDs make complex
systems easier to understand and are a popular resource for software
engineering, systems analysis, process improvement, business
management and agile software development.

• A data flow diagram uses graphical symbols to illustrate the paths,


processes and storage repositories for data from the point it enters a
system until it exits. This visual model helps professionals identify ways to
improve the efficiency and effectiveness of existing systems and
processes, and create new ones.
Components of data flow
diagrams
There are 4 main components of a
DFD:
• External entities
• Processes
• Data stores
• Data flows
External
entities
• External entities are placed on the edges of a DFD
to represent the input and output of information to
the entire system or process.
• An external entity could be a person, organization
or system.
• External entities are also known as terminators,
actors, sources and sinks.
Process
es
• Processes are activities that change or transform data.
• These activities could include computation, sorting, validation,
redirection or any other transformation required to advance
that segment of the data flow.
• For example, a credit card payment verification would be a
process that occurs within a customer's purchase DFD.
Data
stores
• These are the locations in a DFD where data is stored for
later use.
• Data stores could represent databases, documents, files
or any repository for data storage.
• For example, data stores in a product fulfillment DFD might
include a customer address database, product inventory
database and a delivery schedule spreadsheet.
Data
flows
• Data flows are the routes that information takes as it
travels between external entities, processes and data
stores.
• For example, in an e-commerce DFD, the route that
connects a user entering login credentials with an
authentication gateway would be a data flow.
Symbols used in data flow
diagrams
• External entities: rectangles

• Processes: circles (Yourdon and Coad) or rectangles


with rounded corners (Gane and Sarson)

• Data stores: parallel lines (Yourdon and Coad) or open-


ended rectangles (Gane and Sarson)

• Data flows: horizontal lines


• Symbols
used in the
Yourdon and
Coad and
Gane and
Sarson DFD
notation
systems
• A simplified
logical data flow
diagram
illustrating the
ordering process
on an e-
commerce
website
LEVELS IN
DFD
• Level 0:Also called a “context diagram,” a level 0 DFD is a high-
level view that visualizes the entire system as a single process. It
is the simplest and most basic of the levels. It should be easily
understandable to anyone who views it, regardless of technical
skill or job role.

• Level 1:A level 1 DFD explores the component parts of the


high-level process in more detail. What was a single process in
the context-level DFD is broken into subprocesses that provide
more information on the function and data flow pathways.
What is a data
dictionary?
A data dictionary is a collection of metadata such as object name, data
type, size, classification, and relationships with other data assets. Think
of it as a list along with a description of tables, fields, and columns. The
primary goal of a data dictionary is to help data teams understand data
assets.

"A data dictionary provides a centralized repository of information


about the data."
Example of data
dictionary
PSEUDO
CODE
Pseudocode is a step-by-step plan written in simple language to
explain how to solve a problem or perform a task. It’s a way for
people, even if they’re not programmers, to understand and
communicate the logic of a solution without getting into the details
of actual programming code.

It provides a way to outline the logic and structure of a solution


without adhering to the specific syntax rules of a programming
language.
EXAMPLE OF PSEUDO CODE FOR A SIMPLE
ALGORITHM TO FIND THE SUM OF TWO
NUMBERS:

PSEUDO PYTHON
CODE CODE
1. Start num1 = int(input())
2. Input num1 num2 = int(input())
3. Input num2 sum = num1 + num2
4. Set sum = num1 + print(sum)
num2
5. Display sum
6. End

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