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Module B 04 Volume Using Cross Section

The document discusses methods for calculating volumes of solids using various techniques, including slicing, rotation about an axis, and the washer method. It provides examples such as the volume of a pyramid, a wedge, and a sphere, illustrating the application of these methods. Additionally, it covers the concept of solids of revolution and the use of cylindrical shells for volume calculations.

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14 views

Module B 04 Volume Using Cross Section

The document discusses methods for calculating volumes of solids using various techniques, including slicing, rotation about an axis, and the washer method. It provides examples such as the volume of a pyramid, a wedge, and a sphere, illustrating the application of these methods. Additionally, it covers the concept of solids of revolution and the use of cylindrical shells for volume calculations.

Uploaded by

akshaysangani89
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dr. Atul Patel Asst.

Prof of Mathematics
Dr. Atul Patel Asst. Prof of Mathematics

Volumes by Slicing and Rotation About an Axis


Dr. Atul Patel Asst. Prof of Mathematics
EXAMPLE 1 Volume of a Pyramid:

A pyramid 3 m high has a square base that is 3 m on a


side. The cross-section of the pyramid perpendicular
to the altitude x m down from the vertex is a square x
m on a side. Find the volume of the pyramid.

Solution:
1. A sketch. We draw the pyramid with its altitude along the
x-axis and its vertex at the origin and include a typical cross-
section (Figure ).
2. A formula for A(x). The cross-section at x is a square x
meters on a side, so its area is

3. The limits of integration. The squares lie on the planes from x=0 to x=3

4. Integrate to find the volume


Dr. Atul Patel Asst. Prof of Mathematics
EXAMPLE 3 : Volume of a Wedge
A curved wedge is cut from a cylinder of radius
3 by two planes. One plane is perpendicular to
the axis of the cylinder. The second plane
crosses the first plane at a 45° angle at the
center of the cylinder. Find the volume of the
wedge.
Solution: We draw the wedge and sketch a
typical cross-section perpendicular to the x-axis
(Figure). The cross-section at x is a rectangle of
area

The rectangles run from x=0 to x=3


Dr. Atul Patel Asst. Prof of Mathematics

Solids of Revolution: The Disk Method

The solid generated by rotating a plane region


about an axis in its plane is called a solid of
revolution. To find the volume of a solid like
the one shown in Figure 6.8, we need only
observe that the cross-sectional area A(x) is
the area of a disk of radius R(x), the distance
of the planar region’s boundary from the axis
of revolution. The area is then

So the definition of volume gives


EXAMPLE : Volume of a Sphere
The circle

is rotated about the x-axis to generate a


sphere. Find its volume

Solution We imagine the sphere cut into thin


slices by planes perpendicular to the x-axis
(Figure 6.9). The cross-sectional area at a
typical point x between x=a to x=-a
EXAMPLE 8 Rotation About a Vertical Axis
Find the volume of the solid generated by
revolving the region between the parabola
X= y2 +1 and the line x=3 about line x=3
Solution We draw figures showing the region, a typical
radius, and the generated solid (Figure) .Note that the
cross-sections are perpendicular to the line
Dr. Atul Patel Asst. Prof of Mathematics

Solids of Revolution: The Washer Method

If the region we revolve to generate a solid


does not border on or cross the axis of
revolution, the solid has a hole in it (Figure ).
The cross-sections perpendicular to the axis of
revolution are washers (the purplish circular
surface in Figure 6.13) instead of disks. The
dimensions of a typical washer are

The washer’s area is


Dr. Atul Patel Asst. Prof of Mathematics

EXAMPLE: A Washer Cross-Section (Rotation


About the y-Axis) The region bounded by the
parabola y = x2 and the line y = 2xin the first
quadrant is revolved about the y-axis to
generate a solid. Find the volume of the solid.
Solution :First we sketch the region and draw a
line segment across it perpendicular to the axis
of revolution (the y-axis). The radii of the
washer swept out by the line segment are
Volumes by Cylindrical Shells
Volumes by Cylindrical Shells

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