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Data is any raw fact or value that can be processed by a computer, including numbers, text, dates, and boolean values. Different data types are necessary for storing, processing, and making decisions based on information, such as in a student database. A record is a user-defined data structure that groups related variables of different types, allowing for organized data management.

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3 views16 pages

data [Autosaved]

Data is any raw fact or value that can be processed by a computer, including numbers, text, dates, and boolean values. Different data types are necessary for storing, processing, and making decisions based on information, such as in a student database. A record is a user-defined data structure that groups related variables of different types, allowing for organized data management.

Uploaded by

HAK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is data?

Why do
we need different data
types?
Data is any raw fact, figure, or value that can be recorded and processed
by a computer.

It can be:
•Numbers (e.g., 25, 3.14)
•Text (e.g., "Alice", "Password123")
•Dates (e.g., 07/04/2025)
•True/False values (e.g., TRUE, FALSE)
•Characters (e.g., 'A', 'B', '!’)

Think of data as the "input" we give to a computer so it can work


with it.
We need data because it helps us:

Store Information
•Example: In a school database, we store student names, grades
and attendance.

•Without data, a computer wouldn’t know anything!

Process Information
•A computer processes data to turn it into something useful.
•Example: Calculate the average marks of students based on their
scores.
Make Decisions
•Computers use data to make logical decisions.
•Example:
IF temperature > 30 THEN OUTPUT "Turn on the
fan"

Perform Calculations
•Without data, no calculations could be done!
•Example: Billing systems, online banking, budgeting apps.
Data Type Description Pseudocode Example

INTEGER Whole numbers INTEGER age 5, -10, 100

DATE A date value DATE dob 12/10/2005

BOOLEAN True/False BOOLEAN isLoggedIn TRUE, FALSE

REAL Decimal numbers REAL temperature 37.5, -2.3

CHAR A single character CHAR grade 'A', 'b'

STRING Sequence of characters STRING name "Alice", "CS123"


Example: For a student database, what data types would you use for:
• StudentID
• Name
• Grade
• DateOfBirth
• HasPaidFees
•A record is a user-defined data structure that groups related variables
• (of possibly different types) under one name.

•Useful when dealing with real-world entities (e.g., student, employee,


•book).

TYPE Student
DECLARE StudentID : STRING
DECLARE Name : STRING
DECLARE Grade : CHAR
DECLARE DOB : DATE
DECLARE HasPaidFees : BOOLEAN
ENDTYPE
•You are creating a custom data structure called Student.

•It contains:
•StudentID (e.g., "ST101") – a STRING
•Name (e.g., "Alice") – a STRING
•Grade (e.g., 'A') – a CHAR
•DOB (e.g., 12/10/2005) – a DATE
•HasPaidFees (e.g., TRUE or FALSE) – a BOOLEAN
Create a Record Variable and Assign
Values
• newStudent.StudentID ← "ST101"
• newStudent.Name ← "Alice"
• newStudent.Grade ← 'A'
• newStudent.DOB ← 12/10/2005
• newStudent.HasPaidFees ← TRUE
•newStudent is a variable of type Student.
•Using dot notation (newStudent.Name, etc.), you assign values to
each
field of the record.

For example:
•The student ID is "ST101"
•The student’s name is "Alice"
•The grade is 'A'
•The date of birth is 12/10/2005
•The fees have been paid, so HasPaidFees is TRUE
Display Student’s Name

OUTPUT newStudent.Name
What this does:

•It displays the name stored in the Name field of


newStudent,
which is "Alice".

Alice
Check if Fees Are Not Paid and Display Message

IF newStudent.HasPaidFees = FALSE THEN OUTPUT "Reminder to pay fees"


ENDIF

What this does:


•It checks whether the student has not paid the fees.
•If HasPaidFees is FALSE, it shows a reminder message.
•But in this case, the value is TRUE, so this condition is false, and nothing is printed.
Using a Record Structure

a. Defining a Record
b. TYPE Student DECLARE StudentID : STRING
c. DECLARE Name : STRING
d. DECLARE Grade : CHAR
e. DECLARE DOB : DATE
f. DECLARE HasPaidFees : BOOLEAN
g. ENDTYPE

✅ Explanation:
•TYPE Student starts the definition of a new record
structure.
•It groups different types of data under one name.
Creating a Record Variable

DECLARE newStudent : Student


•This creates a variable newStudent using the record
structure
Student.
Assigning Data to Record Fields

newStudent.StudentID ← "ST123“
newStudent.Name ← "Aisha"
newStudent.Grade ← 'A’
newStudent.DOB ← 15/09/2006
newStudent.HasPaidFees ← TRUE

•This assigns values to each field in the record.


•Fields are accessed using dot notation
(recordName.fieldName).
Concept Purpose
Defines a record structure (like a custom
TYPE...ENDTYPE data group)
A record variable that uses the Student
newStudent structure
← Assigns a value

OUTPUT Displays a value

IF...THEN...ENDIF Checks a condition and runs code only if


the condition is true

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