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K-Nearest-Neighbors-KNN-A-Fundamental-Machine-Learning-Algorithm (1).pptx

K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) is a supervised learning algorithm used for classification and regression, relying on the proximity of data points in feature space. It operates by identifying the K closest neighbors to make predictions, utilizing various distance metrics such as Euclidean and Manhattan. While KNN is versatile and easy to implement, it faces challenges like high computational costs and sensitivity to feature scaling.

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K-Nearest-Neighbors-KNN-A-Fundamental-Machine-Learning-Algorithm (1).pptx

K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) is a supervised learning algorithm used for classification and regression, relying on the proximity of data points in feature space. It operates by identifying the K closest neighbors to make predictions, utilizing various distance metrics such as Euclidean and Manhattan. While KNN is versatile and easy to implement, it faces challenges like high computational costs and sensitivity to feature scaling.

Uploaded by

24mbadapy0013
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN): A Fundamental

Machine Learning Algorithm


K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) is a powerful supervised learning technique. It is a simple yet versatile classification and
regression method. KNN is used across multiple domains: healthcare, finance, recommender systems.

by SHARON ELIZABETH
SONNY
What is K-Nearest Neighbors?
Algorithm Basics How it Works

KNN is a non-parametric, instance-based learning KNN finds the K closest neighbors in feature space. It
algorithm. It classifies data based on proximity to uses these neighbors to make predictions about new
known data points. The core principle: "Similar data points.
instances belong to similar classes."
Mathematical Foundation

Distance Metrics Euclidean Distance


The primary calculation method in KNN is distance. The Euclidean distance formula is: d = √[(x2 – x1)2 +
Common metrics include Euclidean, Manhattan, and (y2 – y1)2]. This calculates the straight-line distance
Minkowski distances. between two points.

Weighted distance calculations can be used for nuanced predictions. This adjusts the influence of each neighbor
based on its distance.
Algorithm Workflow

Select K
Choose the number of neighbors (K).

Calculate Distance
Calculate distance to all training points.

Identify Neighbors
Identify the K nearest neighbors.

Make Prediction
Use majority vote (classification) or average
(regression).
Choosing the Right K Value

Impact of K Rule of Thumb


A small K makes the Typically, use √(total
model more susceptible training samples) as a
to noise. A large K starting point.
reduces model sensitivity.

Optimization
Use cross-validation for optimal K selection. Odd K values
prevent tied votes.
Strengths of KNN

Data Agnostic Non-Linear Easy to Use


No assumptions about data Works with non-linear Easy to understand and
distribution are made. relationships. implement.
Limitations and Challenges
Computationally Expensive
High cost for large datasets.

Sensitive to Features
Requires feature
scaling.

Struggles with Dimensions


Careful selection needed.
Practical Applications

Medical Diagnosis Recommender Credit Scoring


Predict medical
Systems Evaluate credit risk
diagnoses based on Suggest products or based on financial
patient data. content based on history.
user preferences.

KNN finds use in image recognition and financial market trend


analysis. Its versatility makes it suitable for varied data tasks.
Implementation Considerations
2 Distance Calculation
Use efficient methods to reduce
computation time.
Feature Normalization
Essential for accurate distance 1
calculations.
Dimensionality Reduction
Apply strategies to handle high-
dimensional data.
3
Future of KNN and Machine
Learning
90% 5X Hybrid
Integration with ensemble methods Increase computational efficiency Hybrid algorithm development
for improved accuracy. through algorithm optimization. combining KNN with other
techniques.
THANK YOU

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