Computer Graphics

Course Information

Assignments

 Group Assignments – Programming

 Individual final project
 Mid – term paper
 Final Exam
Course Information

Prerequisite

 Matrix Algebra
 [knowledge of Linear Algebra &
Trigonometry]
 Calculus
 Programming skills in java, C or C++
 Understanding of Basic Data Structures
(linked lists, trees)
Course Information

Grading

 Course Work
o Assignments
o Programming Assignments
o Written Assignments
o Midterm Assessment
 Final Exam
Course Information

Topics

 Introduction to graphics
 Introduction to graphical user interfaces
 Computer graphics systems
 Graphics Systems Software
 Data Structures for graphics devices and
display processors
 Representational algorithms and
packaged graphics software.
Course Information

Topics at a glance

 Modeling: how to represent objects

 Animation: how to control and represent
motion
 Rendering: how to create images
 OpenGL graphics library
Project resources

 Blender :
http://www.blender.org/cms/Blender.31.0.html

 2. Maya Personal Learning Edition :

http://www.autodesk.com
OpenGL resources

 OpenGL runs on any system

–Windows
–Linux
–Mac
 Get GLUT from web if needed
OpenGL resources

http://www.opengl.org, OpenGL home page

https://jogl.dev.java.net/
OpenGL Red Book on-line, Version 1.1
http://fly.cc.fer.hr/~unreal/theredbook/
OpenGL Reference Manual
http://www.it.jcu.edu.au/Subjects/cp2060/
res ources/bluebook/
OpenGL tutors for windows by Nate Robins

http://www.xmission.com/~nate/tutors.html
OpenGL Resources
Languages and Libraries

 Visual Basic, C, C++

 OpenGL
– A set of graphics routines originally
developed by SGI that are called from C
and C++ to manipulate data and graphical
images.
 OpenInventor
– It is both a graphics library and a graphics
programming model based on OpenGL and
developed by SGI.
Graphics Modeling

 3D Studio : www.autodesk.com/3dsmax
 Maya 7 : www.autodesk.com

 SoftImage : www.softimage.com
 Id software : www.idsoftware.com

 Many others…
Applications domains of CG
Software, Hardware & Applications
Graphics Modeling

 3Ds Max : www.autodesk.com/3dsmax

 Maya 9 : www.autodesk.com

 SoftImage : www.softimage.com
 Id software : www.idsoftware.com

 Many others…
Modeling
Graphics Rendering

 Lightscape
 Blue Moon (free)
 Radiance
 POVRay (free)
Rendering
Computer Graphics

 Computer graphics deals with all

aspects of creating images with a
computer

– Hardware
– Software
– Applications

Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E Addison-Wesley 2005

Example

 Where did this

image come from?

 What hardware/
software did we
need to produce it?

Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E Addison-Wesley 2005

Preliminary Answer

Application
 The object is an artist’s rendition of the
sun for an animation to be shown in a
domed environment (planetarium)

Software
 Maya for modeling and rendering but
Maya is built on top of OpenGL

Hardware
 PC with graphics card for modeling and
rendering
Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E Addison-Wesley 2005
Computer Graphics: 1980-1990

Realism comes to computer graphics

smooth shading Environment mapping bump mapping

Photorealism
 Application: Augmented Reality

Application areas:

– Film production
(the “match
move” problem)
– Heads-up display
for cars
– Tourism
– Architecture
– Training
What drives computer graphics?

 Medical Imaging and Scientific

Visualization
– Tools for teaching and diagnosis
• No cheating or tricks allowed
– New data representations and modalities
– Drive issues of precision and correctness
– Focus on presentation and interpretation of
data
– Construction of models from acquired data

Nanomanipulator, UNC Joe Kniss, Utah Gordon Kindelman, Utah

Application: Medical augmented
Reality

Visually guided surgery: recognition and registration

Application: Automobile
navigation

Lane departure warning Pedestrian detection

Mobileye (see mobileye.com)

 Other applications: intelligent cruise control, lane
change assist, collision mitigation
 Systems already used in trucks and high-end cars
http://www.ri.cmu.edu/projects/project_271.html
http://www.ri.cmu.edu/projects/project_320.html
Graphs & Charts

 Graphical
Representation of
data
 Complex data
Representation &
relationships
 Generation of
summaries &
reports
Mathematical function plots
What drives computer graphics?

 Computer Aided Design

– Mechanical, Electronic, Architecture,...
– Drives the high end of the hardware market
– Integration of computing and display
resources
– Reduced design cyles == faster systems,
sooner

ProEngineer, www.ptc.com
CAD

 Engineering &
Architecture Software
for Buildings, aircraft,
computers, appliances,
etc.
 Interactive design
(mesh editing, wire-
frame display, etc.)
 Testing: real-time Courtesy of Lana Rushing, Engineering Animation, Inc.
animations
 Requires algorithm
 efficiency for speed
CAD

 Interior design - final

product appearance:
surface rendering,
realistic lighting
 Clients can see
appearance before
actual construction
 Emphasis on Courtesy of Craig Mosher & Ron Burdock, Peripheral Vision Animations

Realism
CAD

 Conceptual gun
mount structure to
support a 155mm
howitzer
 The design was
optimized for
structural analysis to
minimize size and
weight
 Created by: U.S. ARDEC (DEPT. OF ARMY)
CAD

 Crush Dummy
 Design of structural
components through
numerical simulation
of the design's
physical operating
environment
Created by: MacNeal-Schwendler Corporation, Los Angeles, CA
CAD

 Industrial Design
 A rendering of a
video entertainment
system controller
 Automatic product
fabrication
 Series of processes
to construct object
from blueprints
 Computer-controlled Courtesy of Benny S. Chi, BSC Engineering

machine tool paths

CAM

 A rendering of
machined investment
casting of scanner
housing
 The part was
redesigned from
machined part Courtesy of Benny S. Chi, BSC Engineering

original to reduce
fabrication time
Virtual Reality

 User interacts with

objects in a 3D scene
 Special devices
(input, output)
 Virtual walkthroughs
 Equipment training
(pilots, surgeons,
construction workers)
VR – Training

 Education using
computer generated
system & process
models
 Visual simulation:
external environment
− aircraft simulator
− spacecraft simulator
− naval craft simulator
− automobile simulator:
study traffic conditions
− heavy machinery
simulator
− surgery simulator
 Special hardware
VR

Virtual Tour of Ancient Olympia

Image courtesy SGI

VR - Medical Imaging

Virtual Colonoscopy

Developed at SUNY Stony Brook, Visualization Lab

Visual Simulation

Database generated for train simulation application.

.

Created by HUGHES TRAINING, INC

Scientific Visualization

 Representation of
Physical/Scientific data
 Large data size, highly
complex processes
 Picture vs. stream of
 numbers
 Techniques: contour
plots, color coding,
constant value surface
rendering, custom
shapes Display of a 2D slice through the total electron density
of C-60; Created by Cary Sandvig of SG
Scientific Visualization

 Electromagnetic potential field

 Fluid flow in a bronchial tube

Created by Patty D. Seger, Mississippi State University

Scientific Visualization

 Application in Life Sciences

 A computer-generated image
of a sperm cell that has been
isolated from a corn [maize]
pollen grain. Electron
micrographs were taken of
each section.

 Such a technique provides

quantitative, three-
dimensional electron
microscopy. With this
technique scientists can now
see structures as they were Courtesy of H. Lloyd Mogensen, Northern Arizona University
before being sectioned for
viewing in the electron
microscope.
Scientific Visualization

Application in Life Sciences - Protein on DNA

Created by Dr. Edward H. Egelman, Univ. of Minnesota, Dept. of Cell Biology.

Scientific Visualization

 Medical Imaging
 The software is used
to evaluate sleep and
breathing disorders
in children.
Montreal Children's Hospital
Scientific Visualization
Medical Imaging
Scientific Visualization - Simulation

 Computational Fluid
 Dynamics
 Image shows stream
tubes of a CFD analysis
of a jet impingement
heat exchanger.
 The stream tubes allow
users to better visualize
the flow pattern within
the heat exchanger.
 The varying colors show
pressure changes. Flow Courtesy of Mark Toscinski and Paul Tallon

enters at the top left and

exits at the bottom right.
Scientific Visualization - Simulation

 Computational Fluid
 Dynamics
 Strong winds around a
highrise building are very
harmful
 Builders predict the flow
field around the new
building and determine
suitable counter
measures which
decrease wind speed HAZMA CORPORATION, Technical Research Institute
around the building
Scientific Visualization

 Application in Earth
Resource management,
Geosciences/GIS
 The gravity was derived
from
 satellite altimetry
measurements of the
height of the ocean surface Courtesy of Sharon Spitzak
 These gravity signals are
directly correlated with the
topography of the seafloor
Scientific Visualization

Application in Oceanography

Created by: Ron Uchida Multimedia Designs, SGI

Scientific Visualization
Computer Art

 Fine art, commercial art

 Artistic tools for digital art:
 Commercial software
(StudioMAX, Cinema4D)
 Mathematics software
(Matlab, Mathematica)
 CAD software
 Graphical user interfaces
(GUIs)
 Painting programs
 Special input devices
(pressure-sensitive
stylus,graphics tablet)
 Texture mapping
 Mathematical patterns
 Frequency variations,
functions, fractals
Computer Art
Digital Sculpting
Computer Art

 Special effects: Digital

art
− Movies, games,
advertising
− Computer-generated
characters
− Realistic scenes and
action
− Modeling and Rendering
Computer Art

Computer animation (monitor: > 30 fps) - morphing

What drives computer graphics?

 Movie Industry
– Leaders in quality and artistry
– Not slaves to conceptual purity
– Big budgets and tight schedules
– Reminder that there is more to
CG than technology
– Hey, How'd they do that?
– Defines our expectations

Slide information from Leonard McMillian's slides

http://www.cs.unc.edu/~mcmillan/comp136/Lecture1/
compgraf.html
Entertainment - Movies

A bugs life Geri’s game

Finding Nemo
Jurassic Park
(industrial Light and Magic)
What drives computer graphics?

 Game Industry
– The newest driving force in CG
• Why? Volume and Profit
• This is why we have commodity GPUs
– Focus on interactivity
– Cost effective solutions
– Avoiding computating and other tricks
– Games drive the baseline

Slide information from Leonard McMillian's slides

http://www.cs.unc.edu/~mcmillan/comp136/Lecture1/
compgraf.html
Entertainment – Games (SW)

Quake

Elder scrolls IV: Oblivion Guild wars factions

Entertainment – Games (HW)

Xbox 360 Playstation 3 Nintendo DS

Gamecube
Graphical User Interface
Acknowledgements

 Jos Roerdinks RuG CG Lectures

slides
 SunnySB CS – CG Lectures slides
for fall 2005
 Angel: Interactive Computer
Graphics 4E Addison-Wesley 2005
Questions ??