Module : 6

Subject : P.E.M.
Introduction To Management

Asst. Prof. Harshil Panchal

Management
Management
• Management is a technique of enabling a workflow in an
integrated and coordinated manner for realizing the
precise objectives through the productive use of fabric
resources.
• Management helps achieve organizational goals
effectively and efficiently through planning, organizing,
staffing, directing, and controlling organizational
resources.
• Management’s primary function is to get people to work
together for the attainment of an organization’s goals and
objectives.
Management
• Management is the act of getting people together to
accomplish desired goals and objectives using available
resources efficiently and effectively.
• Since organizations can be viewed as systems,
management can also be defined as human action,
including design, to facilitate the production of useful
outcomes from a system.
• This view opens the opportunity to manage oneself, a
pre-requisite to attempting to manage others.
 Objectives of Management
• Organizational objectives
a) Maximum profits on the capital invested
b) Fair returns to the investors) Growth and expansion of the enterprise
c) Sustainability in today's competitive environment
d)Earn goodwill or reputation for the enterprise
• Personal objectives
a) Security of job
b) Rational remuneration for work performed
c) Unbiased assessment for the promotion
d) Equal opportunities for professional development
e) Acceptable working conditions
• Social objectives
a) Quality products at fair price to consumers
b) lonest and prompt payment of taxes to the Government
c) Conservation of environment and natural resources
d) Fair dealings with suppliers, dealers and competitors
e) Preservation of ethical values of the society
Characteristics of Management
• Management is a continuous Process
• Management is an Integrative Force of manpower
• Central theme of management is people open
• Management is goal-oriented
• Management is multidisciplinary
• Management is Intangible
• Management is an Art as well as Science
Concept of Management
• Management as a team
• Management as an activity
• Management as a process
• Management is an continuous Process
• Management as An economic Resource
• Management as an academic Discipline
Management is an Art and Science
• In science, to acquire the knowledge of any specific field, in depth study is
carried out. Also, related cause and effect relationship between two or more
variables are developed. Similarly, the management adopts the same
methodology for study. Management applies scientific principles, such as
objectivity, experimentation and reproducibility of results and develops the
knowledge of particular area. Further, it has to deal with human behavior
under different conditions, it is also called social science.
• Universally acceptance principlesScientific principles represents basic truth
about a particular field of enquiry which is true at every place, e.g. law of
gravitation which can be applied in all countries irrespective of the time.
Similarly, management also contains some fundamental principles which can
be applied universally like the Principle of Unity of Command which is
applicable to everywhere.
Management is an Art and Science

1. Universally Accepted Principles

2. Experimentation & Observation
3. Cause & Effect Relationship
4. Test of Validity and Predictability
Management is An Art

1. Practical Knowledge
2. Personal Skill
3. Creativity
4. Perfection Through Practice
Difference between Management and Administration

• Management refers to a continuous systematic process of

managing resources and people within an organization.
• While administration is defined as an act of administering
the functions performed in the organization by a group of
people.
• Management is an important activity of any business and
operates even at functional level,whereas Administration
is considered to be only high-level activity.
• Management focuses on policy implementation, policy,
structures and formulation is performed by the
administration.
Difference between Management and Administration

• Functions of administration include legislation and determination.

Functions of management are executive and governing.
• Administration deals with the important decisions of the
organization But management makes decisions by following the
laid down rules by the administration.
• Management refers to people working in an organization, each with
a role to play from human resource, ICT and accounts. Collective
performing managerial duties, while administration represents the
top management and stakeholders or owners of the organization.
• Management serves a process of making profit for organization like
business enterprises.
Difference between Management and Administration

• While Administration is found in none-profit and government institutions, including

military offices, clubs, hospitals, religious organizations and all the non-profit making
enterprises.
• Management deals with the creation of strategic plans and actions, but the
administration is mainly concerned with procedure and making of policies to
enhance set objectives.
• Management plays an executive role in the organization. But administration only
deals with making decisions, hence its decisive in nature.
• The manager is in charge of management functions of the organization, Whereas
administrators are people who’re responsible for the administration of the
organization.
• Management focuses on managing people and their work within the organization.
On the other hand, administration focuses on making the best possible utilization of
the organization’s resources by ensuring effectiveness and efficiency.
Levels Of Management Or Types Of Manager
Functions Of Managerial Levels
Functions at Various Levels Of Management
• Top Management
• Middle Management
• Personnel or other Problems
• First Level Management
Skills Of Managers

1. Technical Skills
2. Human Skills
3. Conceptual Skills
Roles Of Managers
Interpersonal Roles

1. Liaison : This Role involves to act as communication channel

between group, top level management and lower level
management. ‘
2. Leader: Manager By default has to serve as a leader for allotted
group. They are the guide of all the employees working under
him.
3. Figurehead: Figurehead role is ornamental role which manager
has to play when he visits plant, handover certificates to the
employees or any opening ceremony and other such functions.
Informational Roles

1. Monitor : As a manager, person is required to focus on the

information which is required by him either for his own work or
sharing with others.
2. Disseminator: Manager on the other side, has to disseminate
the information to the subordinates or to the other department or
organization through oral instructions or written, formally or
informally.
3. Spokesperson: Mostly to pass the information to the
outsiders authenticated person of the top level management acts
a spokesperson.
Decisional Roles

1. Entrepreneur: As a leader, top level managers have to initiate the new

idea which is effective to the business and he has to take decision regarding
its implementation
2. Disturbance Handler: When there is a group, there is possibility of
having conflicts. So the managers of each level are required to handle these
kind of disturbance either between employees or with outsiders.
3. Resource Collector: Third role played by managers is to allocate the
resources such that the maximum profit is obtained at minimum cost.
4. Negotiator: Managers have to play the role of negotiator with group of
organization or outside organization. Union contract, agreement with
supplier, employee negotiation are examples of negotiator and these
decision has to be played by middle and top level managers.
Administrative principles (Henri Fayol’s 14 Administrative principles)

1. Division of labour
2. Autority and responsibility
3. Discipline
4. Unity Of Command
5. Unity Of Direction
6. Subordination of Individual
7. Remuneration
Administrative principles (Henri Fayol’s 14 Administrative principles)

8. Centralization
9. Scalar Chain
10. Order
11. Equity
12. Stability of tenure of personnel.
13. Initiative
14. Espirit de corps (A Sence of Union)
Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs Theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs Theory

1. Physiological Needs
2. Security Needs
3. Social Needs
4. Esteem Needs
5. Self-actualizing Needs.