Scribd
Upload
3 views

Chapter-1-Lesson-3

Historical criticism examines the origins and context of texts to uncover their original meanings and the historical situations of their authors and recipients. It includes external and internal criticism, with methodologies such as source, form, redaction, tradition, and canonical criticism emerging over time. The authenticity and historicity of documents are assessed through various tests, including palaeographical and diplomatic analysis, to distinguish genuine documents from forgeries.

Uploaded by

ivanbalili41
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

Chapter-1-Lesson-3

Historical criticism examines the origins and context of texts to uncover their original meanings and the historical situations of their authors and recipients. It includes external and internal criticism, with methodologies such as source, form, redaction, tradition, and canonical criticism emerging over time. The authenticity and historicity of documents are assessed through various tests, including palaeographical and diplomatic analysis, to distinguish genuine documents from forgeries.

Uploaded by

ivanbalili41
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

3

HISTORICAL
CRITICISMS
HISTORICAL CRITICISM
• Examines the origins of earliest text to appreciate the underlying circumstances upon which text came
to be.

• It has two important goals:

• To discover the original meaning of the text in its primitive or historical context and its literal
sense or sensus literalis historicus.

• To establish a reconstruction of the historical situation of the author and recipients of the text.

• Historical criticism has two types:

• External Criticism

• Internal Criticism
• Began in the 17th century during the Protestant
Reformation and gained popular recognition in
the 19th and 20th centuries.

• The absence of historical investigation paved


the way for historical criticism to rest on
philosophical and theological interpretation.
• The passing of time has advanced historical criticism into various methodologies used today such
as…

• Source criticism – analyzes and studies the sources used by biblical authors

• Form criticism – seeks to determine a unit’s original form and historical context of the
literary tradition

• Redaction criticism – regards the author of the text as editor of the source materials

• Tradition criticism – attempts to trace the developmental stages of the oral tradition from
its historical emergence to its literary presentation

• Canonical criticism – focuses its interpretation of the bible on the text of biblical canon
• There are two parts to a historical criticism:

• To determine the authenticity of the material


 Also called provenance of a source

 The critic should determine the origin of the material, it’s author, and the sources
of information used
 External criticism is used in determining these facts

• To weigh the testimony to the truth


 The critic must examine the trustworthiness of the testimonies as well as
determine the probability of the statements to be true
 This process is called internal criticism or higher criticism since it deals with more
important matters than the external form
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
• Determines the authenticity of the source.
• The authenticity of the material may be tested in tow ways, by…
• Palaeographical – the deciphering and dating of historical manuscripts
• Diplomatic criticism – critical analysis of historical document to understand how the
document came to be, the information transmitted, and the relationships between the facts
purported in the document and the reality
• The material must be investigated based on the time and place it is written.
• The critic must determine whether the material under investigation is raw, meaning unaltered, and
it exists exactly as the author left it.
• The content must be viewed in every possible angle.
• The authenticity of the material can be examined from other genuine sources having the same
subject or written during the same subject or written during the same period.
• The similarities or agreement and differences or disagreements of some common details, such as
the culture and traditions, and events during the period by which the document was made can be a
basis for judging the authenticity of the text.
INTERNAL CRITICISM
• Determines the historicity of the facts contained in the document.

• It is not necessary to prove the authenticity of the material or document. However, the facts
contained in the document must first be tested before any conclusion pertaining to it can be
admitted.

• In determining the value of the facts, the character of the sources, the knowledge of the author,
and the influences prevalent at the time of writing must be carefully investigated.

• It must be ascertained first that the critic knows exactly what the author said and that he/she
understands the document from the standpoint of the author.

• The facts given by the author or writer must be firmly established as having taken placed as exactly
reported.
TEST OF AUTHENTICITY
• To distinguish a hoax or a misinterpretation from a genuine document, the historian must use tests
common in police and legal detection.
• Making the vest guess of the date of the document, he/she examines the materials to see whether
they are not anachronistic.
• One of the most unfulfilled needs of the historian is more of what the French call “isographies” or
the dictionaries of biography giving examples of handwriting.
• For some period of history, experts using techniques known as paleography and diplomatics have
long known that in certain regions at certain times handwriting and the style and form of official
documents were conventionalized.
• The disciplines of paleography and diplomatics were founded in the 17th century by Dom Jean
Mabillon, a French Benedictine monk and scholar of the Congregation of Saint Maur.
• Seals have been the subject of special study by sigillographers, and experts can detect fake ones.
• Anachronistic styles (idiom, orthography, or punctuation) can be detected by specialists who are
familiar with contemporary writing.
• Often spelling particularly of proper names and signatures, reveal forgery as would also
unhistoric grammar.

• Anachronistic references to events (too early or too late or too remote) or the dating of a document
at a time when the alleged writer could not possibly have been at the place designated (the alibi)
uncovers fraud.
• Sometimes the skillful forger has all to carefully followed the best historical sources and his product
becomes too obviously a copy in certain passages; by skillful paraphrase and invention, he/she is
given away by the absence of trivia and otherwise unknown details from his/her manufactured
account.
• However, usually if the document is where it ought to be (e.g., in a family’s archives, of in the
governmental bureau’s record) it’s provenance (custody, as the lawyers refer to it),
¡Gracias!

¿Tienes
alguna
pregunta?
tuemail@fre
CRÉDITOS: Esta plantilla de presentación fue
creada por Slidesgo, que incluye iconos de
epik.com
Flaticon, infografía e imágenes de Freepik

+34 620 421


838
Por favor conserva esta diapositiva para
atribuirnos

yourcompan

You might also like