Scribd
Upload
3 views

Quotations

The document explains the difference between quotations and paraphrases, emphasizing that quotations are exact copies of someone else's words while paraphrases are reworded expressions. It provides various styles for integrating quotations into writing, including using lead-ins, colons, and divided quotations. Additionally, it highlights the importance of citing sources and offers examples of effective paraphrasing.

Uploaded by

katiedubois12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

Quotations

The document explains the difference between quotations and paraphrases, emphasizing that quotations are exact copies of someone else's words while paraphrases are reworded expressions. It provides various styles for integrating quotations into writing, including using lead-ins, colons, and divided quotations. Additionally, it highlights the importance of citing sources and offers examples of effective paraphrasing.

Uploaded by

katiedubois12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

Quotations and Paraphrases

Quotations and paraphrases:


what’s the difference?
• Quotation = exact word-for-word copying of
someone else’s words

• Paraphrase = expression of someone else’s words


in your own words reworded and restructured

• Quotations and paraphrases = cite your source


“Your Brain on Fiction”
by Annie Murphy Paul

[EE pp 321-22 (green) or online]


What’s the Problem?

In “Your Brain on Fiction,” Annie Murphy Paul


writes about the brain. “Reading produces a
vivid simulation of reality.” Fiction has especially
powerful effects. “Stories stimulate the brain
and even change how we act in life.”…
Quotations

• “Plunk!”
• Choppy writing
• Grumpy readers


Quotations

• To integrate a quotation smoothly into your


writing, use…

1) a lead-in
2) a full sentence + colon
3) a partial paraphrase + partial quotation
4) a divided quotation
Quotation Style 1
• Use a lead-in:
– A phrase:

According to Paul, “[r]eading produces a vivid


simulation of reality.”
Quotation Style 1
• Use a lead-in:
– A dependent clause:

Fiction has especially powerful effects. As she notes,


“[r]eading produces a vivid simulation of reality.”
Quotation Style 1
• Use a lead-in:
– Author’s name + verb + that:

Paul explains that “[r]eading produces a vivid


simulation of reality.”

 No comma after “that”!


Quotation Style 2
• Use a full sentence + colon:

Paul compares the reading brain to a computer


running a program: “Reading produces a vivid
simulation of reality.”

 A full sentence
must come before the colon.
Quotation Style 3
• Use a partial paraphrase + a partial
quotation:

“Reading produces a vivid simulation of reality.”



Reading sensory words causes the brain to
create “a vivid simulation of reality.”

 No comma between them!


Quotation Style 4

• Use a divided quotation:


– Divide quotation in two
– Place author’s name + verb between the
two parts
– Remember the commas!

“Reading,” Paul declares, “produces a vivid


simulation of reality.”
Partial Quotations

• Remember!

Quote only the words you need!


Partial Quotations
• To leave out some words from the middle of a
quotation, use ellipses (…)

• “Stories stimulate the brain and even change


how we act in life.”

 Studies reveal that “[s]tories…change how we


act in life.”
Try It!
Paul writes about the brain. “Stories
stimulate the brain in unexpected ways.”

1) A lead-in before quotation


2) A full sentence + colon before quotation
3) A partial paraphrase + partial quotation
4) A divided quotation + author’s name + verb
between the two parts
Examples: Type 1: Lead-in
• According to Paul, “[s]tories stimulate the
brain in unexpected ways.”
• In Paul’s view, “[s]tories stimulate the brain in
unexpected ways.”
• As Paul reveals, “[s]tories stimulate the brain
in unexpected ways.”
• Paul asserts that “[s]tories stimulate the brain
in unexpected ways.”
Examples: Type 2:
Full Sentence + Colon
• Paul explains how the reading brain works:
“Stories stimulate the brain in unexpected
ways.”
• Paul describes the reading brain: “Stories
stimulate the brain in unexpected ways.”

 After the colon, you may keep the capital letter at the
start of the quotation.
Examples: Type 3:
Partial Paraphrase + Partial Quotation

• The reading brain reacts to fiction “in unexpected


ways.”

• “Stories stimulate the brain”


surprisingly.
Examples: Type 4:
Divided Quotation

• Paul writes about the brain. “Stories stimulate


the brain in unexpected ways.”

• What two options do we have (using the


entire quotation)?
Examples: Type 4:
Divided Quotation

• “Stories stimulate the brain,” Paul asserts, “in


unexpected ways.”

• “Stories,” Paul observes, “stimulate the brain in


unexpected ways.”

 Where you divide the quotation can affect emphasis.


Examples: Combo

Providing ample evidence, Paul shows that


“[s]tories stimulate the brain” in a surprising
manner.

 What quotation styles have been used?


Examples: Combo

Providing ample evidence, Paul shows that


“[s]tories stimulate the brain” in a surprising
manner.

Type 1: lead-in: phrase


+
Type 1: lead in: author’s name + verb + that
+
Type 3: partial paraphrase + partial quotation
Paraphrases
• A paraphrase rewords and restructures someone
else’s words:

• Stories stimulate the brain in unexpected ways.


 Stories affect our minds in unusual ways.

• Good paraphrase?
Paraphrases
Stories stimulate the brain in unexpected ways.
Stories affect our minds in unusual ways.

Just replaces a few words with synonyms.


Too similar in structure.
Must restructure as well!

• You try! (at least 2 versions)


Paraphrases
• Stories stimulate the brain in unexpected ways.

1) The brain reacts in startling ways to narratives.

2) When reading stories, the human brain responds


surprisingly.

3) Narratives provoke surprising responses in the


human brain.

You might also like