Scribd
Upload
14 views25 pages

03-04 Natural Selection (4)

The document explains the concepts of species, populations, and variation, highlighting the role of genetics and environmental factors in creating differences among individuals. It details the process of natural selection, including its principles such as variation, overpopulation, and survival of the fittest, which contribute to changes in gene frequencies over generations. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of mutations and sexual reproduction in the context of evolution.

Uploaded by

namrasamsung6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views25 pages

03-04 Natural Selection (4)

The document explains the concepts of species, populations, and variation, highlighting the role of genetics and environmental factors in creating differences among individuals. It details the process of natural selection, including its principles such as variation, overpopulation, and survival of the fittest, which contribute to changes in gene frequencies over generations. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of mutations and sexual reproduction in the context of evolution.

Uploaded by

namrasamsung6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

Variation

REVISION
What is a species?
• Species: A group of similar
individuals that interbreed to
produce fertile offspring under
natural conditions

What is a population?
• Population: All the organisms
of a given species that live in a
specific area.
What is Variation
• Within species there are differences
between individuals – this is called
variation
• The differences or variation within a
population can be a result of genetics or
environmental factors.
• There are many sources of variation
Sources of
Variation
DEFINE MUTATION?
Permanent change in the genetic information

• Can be limited to one gene


Mutation • Or can be large scale affecting a whole
chromosome
s • If change occurs in a body cell, it cannot
be inherited
• If change occurs in a sex cell, then
offspring will inherit it
• Not all mutations are bad!
What can these look like?
Think, Pair, Share

1. How can mutations be bad?


2. How could mutations be good?
Sexual Reproduction

Half genetic Random


information fertilisation – any
inherited from sperm can fertilise
each parent any egg
Meiosis
• When creating sex cells result in
the 4 daughter cells containing
different mixes of genes - this is
how siblings of the same biological
parents are not identical
Natural
Selection
What is it?
• The selection of particular phenotypes to make them more or less common in a
population
• Selection will be determined by the suitability of the phenotype to environment
factors (food availability, predators, landscape changes etc.)
• Changes the composition of a gene pool to increase the probability that favourable
genes will be passed on to offspring (so they will survive)
• Key mechanism of evolution  this means it leads to allele changes in the gene pool

NOTE: Natural selection of a phenotype DOES NOT lead to the evolution of a new
species
Variation

Overpopulation

7 Major Struggle for existence


Principles: Selection pressures

Survival of the fittest


Mr. VOSSSIC
Inheritance of successful variations

Change in gene frequencies


1. Variation
• There is variation in a population
• Different alleles for traits exist
within a population e.g. different
skin colours/body colours,
different beak sizes ect.
2. Overpopulation
• Species reproduce but there are more
offspring produced than the amount
of resources
• e.g. limited food, water, living space,
mates etc
• Not all offspring can survive

This leads to a…
3. Struggle for
Existence
• Some variations are better suited
to the environmental conditions
of the time than others
• Creates 2 groups:
• survivors and
• losers
4. Selection
Pressures
• Selection pressures are external agents
which affect an organism’s ability to
survive in a given environment
• Selection pressures can be negative
(decreases the occurrence of a trait) or
positive (increases the proportion of a
trait)
• Selection pressures may not remain
constant, leading to changes in what
constitutes a beneficial adaptation
1. Have human always
Think, had the variation of skin
Pair, colour we see today?
Explain your answer.
Share
The Science of Skin
Colour
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=_r4c2NT4naQ
5. Survival of the
Fittest
1. Those with more favourable
characteristics are more likely to
live longer
AND
2. find a mate than those with
unfavourable characteristics
6. Inheritance of
Successful Variations

• Those that live long


enough/find a mate
reproduce and pass on the
favourable characteristics
to offspring
7. Change in gene frequencies

• The gene pool has an increase in favourable characteristics


• Increases as each new generation contains more offspring
from individuals with favourable characteristics than those
with unfavourable ones
• because those with unfavourable characteristics died before
they could reproduce
Scenario – apply VOSSIC to the
scenario
• In a grassy African savanna, imagine a population of cheetahs
with varying speeds. Some cheetahs are naturally faster due to
genetic differences, while others are slightly slower. To catch prey
like gazelles, cheetahs need to be very fast to outcompete other
predators and secure enough food to survive and reproduce.
• Over time, environmental pressures increase — maybe due to
changes in prey behavior, fewer easy-to-catch prey, or even
competition with other predators
Activity: Natural Selection Cartoon
Think of a unique animal trait or choose one below. Draw 1 cartoon. The cartoon should have at
least 6 panels with captions. Make sure to
• Elephants long tongues
number your panels 1-6 so that you can
with trunks • Zebras with demonstrate the 7 principles of Natural
• Birds with stripes Selection in action:
wings to fly • Camels with
1. Genetic Variation
• Giraffes with humps 2. Overpopulation
long necks • Deer with 3. Struggle for existence & 4. Selection
• Cheetah with antlers pressure
spots 4. Survival of the fittest
5. Inheritance of successful variations
• Frogs with 6. Change in gene frequencies
Activity: Natural Selection Cartoon Analysis
Natural Selection What How does the cartoon
Principle panel # demonstrate this?
shows
this?
Variation
Overpopulation
Struggle for
Existence &
Selection Pressure
Survival of the

You might also like