Object-Oriented Software Engineering: An Agile Unified Methodology

by David Kung

Chapter 1. Introduction

Edited by Dr. Hind Bitar

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 Key Takeaway Points
• Software engineering aims to significantly improve
software productivity and software quality while
reducing software costs and time to market.
• Software engineering consists of three tracks of
interacting life cycle activities:
– software development process
– software quality assurance, and
– software project management
• Object-oriented (OO) software engineering is a
specialization of software engineering. It views the
world and systems as consisting of objects that
interact with each other.
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 What Is Software Engineering?
Software engineering as a discipline is focused
on
• research, education, and application of engineering
processes and methods
• to significantly increase software productivity (P)
and software quality (Q) while reducing software
costs (C) and time to market (T) – software PQCT.

• What is the focus of database systems?

• What is the focus of operating systems?
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 Why Software Engineering?
1. Software is expanding into all sectors of our
society:
• Companies rely on software to run and expand their
businesses.
• Software systems are getting larger and more complex –
millions of lines of code.
• Software costs are 90 – 95% of total system costs
(software costs were only 5 – 10% of total system costs
two decades ago).
• Embedded systems contain application specific
integrated circuits (ASIC), which are costly to replace –
software quality is critical.

We need an engineering approach to software

development.
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 Why Software Engineering?
2. Large software systems development requires
teamwork and software engineering supports
teamwork.
• A typical software engineer produces an average 50–100
lines of source code per day.
• A small system of 10,000 lines of code requires one
software engineer to work between 100 and 200 days or 5
to 10 months.
• A medium-size system of 500,000 lines of code requires a
software engineer to work 5,000 to 10,000 days or 20 to
40 years.
Þ Real-world software systems require many software
engineers to work together to jointly develop a
software system.

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 Why Software Engineering?
To work together, the software engineers must
overcome three challenges, among others:

Conceptualization Communication Coordination

Solution:
• Processes and methodologies for analysis and design
• Unified Modeling Language (UML) for communication and
coordination
• Tools that automate or support methodology steps.
Help software engineers to collaborate in a way that everyone
understands and follows
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 Software Life Cycle Activities
• Software processes and methodologies consist
of life cycle activities:
Time to
Productivity Quality Cost Market

Software Software Software

Development Quality Project
Process Assurance Management

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 Software Development Process
• Definition: A software development process
transforms the initial system concept into the
operational system running in the target
environment.
• Phases:
– Requirement
– Design
– Implementation
– Testing
– Maintenance CLO1
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 Software Development Process
• Core Activities: It identifies the business
needs, conducts a feasibility study, and
formulates the requirements or capabilities that
the system must deliver.

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The Waterfall Process
System Engineering

Software Requirements Analysis

Software Design

Coding & Unit Testing

Integration & Integration Testing

Acceptance Testing

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Maintenance
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 Software Quality Assurance
Software quality assurance (SQA) ensures that
• the development activities are performed properly,
and
• the software artifacts produced by the development
activities meet the software requirements and
desired quality standards.

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 SQA Activities

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 Software Project Management
• Software project management oversees the control
and administration of the development and SQA
activities.
• Project management activities include
– effort estimation
– project planning and scheduling
– risk management
– project administration, and
– others.
These activities ensure that the software system is
delivered on time and within budget.
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 Object-Oriented Software Engineering
• Object-oriented software engineering (OOSE)
is a specialization of software engineering.
• The object-oriented paradigm views the world
and systems as consisting of objects that relate
and interact with each other.
• OOSE encompasses:
– OO processes - guide the development effort
– OO methodologies – how to carry out the activities
– OO modeling languages – communicate their
analysis and design ideas
– OO tools – support the development processes

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 Software Engineering and Computer Science
Software
Computer
Engineering
Science
• Pursueenough
Good optimalissolutions
enough
• $$$ is an
notimportant
an important
factor
consideration
(PQCT)
• Programming in the large
small
• Technical
All issues issues
and aspects
• Dealing with wicked
tame problems
problems
• Building on top of computer science and other disciplines
• Foundations of software engineering

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 Class Discussion
• What are the benefits of OOSE?
• Will OOSE replace the conventional
approaches, and why?

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 Class Discussion
• What are the focuses of computer science and
software engineering, respectively?
• What are the educational objectives of
computer science and software engineering,
respectively?
• Some authors say that software engineering is
“programming in the large.” What does this
mean?
• What is the relationship between software
engineering and computer science? Can you
have one without the other?
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